@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Evaluation of ground-water quality in Hura Block under Purulia District of West Bengal, India using selected physico-chemical parameters<#LINE#>Debashis @Mallick,Sanjoy @Mah`ato,Rajesh @Koley,Mrinal Kanti @Roy <#LINE#>1-12<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJEvS-2025-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Kolkata-51, West Bengal, India@Department of Chemistry, A. P. C. College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata-131, West Bengal, India@Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Burdwan University, West Bengal, India@Department of Geography, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Kolkata-51, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>2/12/2025<#LINE#>10/2/2026<#LINE#>Groundwater monitoring is crucially important for both developed and developing regions. Water quality mainly depends on its physiochemical as well as microbial characteristics. Present study was directed to evaluate the quality of groundwater as well as its drinking suitability, domestic, and agricultural uses by applying physico-chemical experiments. To achieve this objective, Hura Block of Purulia district under West Bengal was selected as the field of experiment and samples were collected from different positions using global positioning system (GPS) coordinates as reference points. Hura, a community development block within the Purulia Sadar subdivision of Purulia district. Detailed analysis of different physico-chemical parameters like colour, odour, temperature (T), total dissolved solid (TDS) hardness (HA), electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca2+) ion, magnesium (Mg2+) ion, pH level, total alkalinity (TAK), chloride (Cl-) ion, fluoride (F-) ion, bicarbonate content (HCO3-), free carbon-dioxide (CO2), and dissolved oxygen (DO) was carried out. A comparative analysis of the experimented results was done with respect to the standard water quality parameters set by WHO (World Health Organization) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards).To verify the suitability of water for different purposes, the WAWQI (Weighted Arithmetic water quality index) method was applied by using the experimented values of different parameters. Additionally, to determine the interrelationship between the different parameters, the correlation coefficients were measured by using Pearson’s correlation matrix method.<#LINE#>Spellman F.R. (2008).@Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations.@2nd Edition, Boca Raton: CRC Press.@Yes$World Health Organization. (2022).@for Drinking-Water Quality, fourth edition incorporating first and second addenda.@@No$Razo I. L. Carrizales, J. Castro, B. F. Diaz and  Moroy M. (2004).@Arsenic and heavy metal pollution of soil, water and sediments in a semi-arid climate mining area in Mexico.@Water, air, Soil Poll., 152(1-4). 129-152.@Yes$Gray N. (2017).@Water Technology.@3rd ed. London: CRC Press.@No$Davis M.L. and Masten S.J. (2004).@Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science.@New York: McGraw-Hill.@No$Gray N.F. (2008).@Drinking Water Quality: Problems and Solutions.@2nd ed.Cambridge: Ambridge University Pess.@No$BIS (2012).@Bureau of Indian Standards, Specification for drinking water.@IS: 10500, New Delhi, India.@No$Horton R.K. (1965).@An index number system for rating water quality.@J. Water Pollu. Cont. Fed. 37(3), 300-305.@No$Brown R.M., McClelland, N.I., Deininger R.A. and Tozer, R.G. (1970).@Water quality index-do we dare? Water Sewage Works.@117(10). 339-343.@Yes$Bhargava D.S, Saxena, B.S. and Dewakar, R.W. (1998).@A study of geo-pollutants in the Godavari river basin in India.@Asian Environ., 12, 36-59.@Yes$Dwivedi S., Tiwari, I.C. and Bhargava, D.S. (1997).@Water quality of the river Ganga at Varanasi.@Institute of Engineers, Kolkata, 78,1-4.@No$Shrestha S., Bista S.,Byanjankar N., Shresth S., Joshi D.R. and Joshi T. P. (2023).@Groundwater quality evaluation for drinking purpose using water quality index in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.@Water Science., 371, 239–250.@Yes$Subramanian A. and Baskar S. (2022).@Water quality assessment of Noyyal river using water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistical techniques.@Water Science., 36(91), 85–98.@Yes$Jena V., Dixit S. and Gupta S. (2013).@Assessment of Water Quality Index of Industrial Area Surface Water Samples.@Int. J. Chem Tech Res., 5(1), 278-283.@Yes$Meher H., Behera P. K. and Panda S.N. (2018).@Evaluation of water quality index (WQI) of pond water of Paradeep area, Odisha, India.@Indian J. of Environ. Sci., 22(2), 76-81.@Yes$Miraj A. and Bhattacharya S. K. (2017).@Assessment of water quality index (WQI) and suitability of Sagar Dighi, Koch Bihar, West Bengal.@India. Int. J. Pharm. Drug Anal., 5(12), 467 – 474.@Yes$Das U., Basu A. and Roy S. (2016).@Physico-chemical analysis of drinking water in different districts of southern West-Bengal, India.@Science Research Reporter., 6(2), 119-125.@No$Diptendu D., Banerjee P. K., and Datta, S. (2009).@Evaluation of Water Quality along the Bank of River Hooghly (Kolkata Metropolitan Area) Using the Physico-Chemical Parameter and Water Quality Index.@Asian journal of water, environment and Pollution. 6(3), 19-26.@Yes$Das, S.C. (2012).@Advanced Practical Chemistry.@for 3 –Year Honours Course, Sixth Edition, ISBN 81-901944-0-2.@No$Mukherjee G.N. (2004).@University hand book of undergraduate chemistry experiments.@University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.@No$Al-Sabah B.J.J. (2016).@Application of water quality index to assessment of Tigris River.@Int. J.Curr. Microbial. App. Sci., 5, 10,397–407.@Yes$Tripathy J. K. and Sahu K. C. (2005).@Seasonal hydrochemistry of groundwater in the barrier-spit system of Chilika lagoon.@J.  Enviro. Hydrol., 12(7), 1-9.@Yes$Giljanovic N.S. (1999).@Water quality evaluation by index in Dalmatia.@Water Res., 33 (16), 3423-3440.@Yes$Mohebbi M.R., Saeedi R., Montazeri A., Vaghefi K.A., Sharareh L. S., Sogol O. S., Abtahi M. and Azita M.A. (2013).@Assessment of water quality in groundwater resource of Iran using a modified drinking water quality index.@Eco. Indic., 30(1), 28-34.@Yes$Aliyu1G.A., Jamil1N.R.B., AdamM.B. and Zulkeflee Z. (2019).@Assessment of Guinea Savanna River system to evaluate water quality and water monitoring networks.@Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 5(3), 1-12.@Yes$Evans J.D. (1996).@Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences.@Brooks/Cole Publishing, Pacific Grove, Calif.@Yes$Pal P. (2016).@Assessment of quality of water samples collected from different areas of Kolkata district of West Bengal, India.@World Scientific News, 40, 248-263.@Yes
<#LINE#>Converting Ocean Water to Freshwater through Cryo-desalination using a Kitchen Freezer: A Novel Approach<#LINE#>Alyssa H. @Huang,Sam U. Ho, @MD <#LINE#>13-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJEvS-2026-002.pdf<#LINE#>Northwestern Medicine / Feinberg School of Medicine; Lavin Pavilion Floor Suite 1900, 259 East Erie Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611; US@Northwestern Medicine / Feinberg School of Medicine; Lavin Pavilion Floor Suite 1900, 259 East Erie Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611; US<#LINE#>2/2/2026<#LINE#>9/3/2026<#LINE#>Currently, 2.2 billion people lack access to drinking water. The 2024 UN Water Development Report predicts that climate change will further increase the frequency and severity of droughts. Our research assesses the feasibility of using a kitchen freezer for converting salt water to drinkable freshwater, and describes a novel approach to cryo-desalination. Ten containers with 200ml ocean water were placed in a kitchen freezer until completely frozen. Ice and brine were separated at 5 minute intervals. Salinity and volume of melted ice were recorded, identifying the sample with lowest salinity. The process was repeated serially for this sample until freshwater was attained. Ocean water salinity equals 32g/L, while freshwater salinity equals <= 1g/L. By 45 minutes of thawing, salinity of melted ice samples dropped 78.1% to 7g/L, with a yield of 143 ml (71.5% of 200 ml). The desalinated sample of ocean water was re-frozen and re-thawed. After a second cycle, salinity of melted ice dropped 86% to 1g/L, yielding 103 ml of melted ice (51.5% of the initial 200 ml). A third cycle of freezing and thawing yielded 56.6ml of melted ice (28.3% of the initial 200ml), with unmeasurable salinity and total dissolved solute level of 90ppm, comparable to tap water. Drinkable freshwater can be practically obtained at home with a kitchen freezer through 2-3 cycles of serial freezing and thawing. This process of cryo-desalination can help alleviate the world’s water shortage crisis. As global water demands increase, it will be critical to further investigate automation and portability of this process.<#LINE#>Connor, R., (2024).@The United Nations World Water Development Report 2024: Water for Prosperity and Peace; Executive Summary.@@Yes$United Nations (2012).@The Millennium Development.@Goals Report 2012.@Yes$Williams, P., Ahmad, M., Connolly, B., Oatley-Radcliffe, D. (2015).@Technology for Freeze Concentration in the Desalination Industry.@Desalination, 356, 314-327@Yes$Oraby, H.., Ezz, A, Hegazy, G. (2025).@Advances in Desalination: Pioneering Methods and the Future of Water Sustainability.@Discover Water, 5, 88@Yes$Zhao, T., Li, C., Han, A., Yuan, B., Wang, X., Meng, X. (2026).@Desalination of Seawater via the Freeze-Thaw Method Based on Density Functional Theory.@Nature, 16,1062.@Yes$Rahman, M., Ahmed, M., Chen, X. (2006).@Freezing-Melting Process and Desalination: I. Review of the State of Art.@Separation & Purification Reviews, 35, 2, 59-96.@Yes$El Kadi, K., & Janajreh, I. (2017).@Desalination by freeze crystallization: an overview.@Int. J. Therm. Environ. Eng, 15(2), 103-110.@Yes$Lu Z., Xu, L. (2010).@Freezing Desalination Process.@Thermal desalination process, 2.@Yes$Xie, L., Ma, J., Cheng, F., Li, P., Liu, J., Chen, W., Wang, S. (2009).@Study on Sea Ice Desalination Technology.@Desalination, 245, 1-3, 146-154.@Yes$Zhao, S., Zhu, R.., Song, J., Yuan, H. (2024).@An Overview of Sustainable Desalination with Freezing Crystallization: Current Development, Future Challenges, and Prospects.@Sustainability, 16, 22, 10138,@Yes$Tempel, W. (2012).@Eutectic Freeze Crystallization: Separation of Salt and Ice.@Master Thesis.@Yes$Pushpalatha, N., Sreeja, V., Karthik, R., & Saravanan, G. (2022).@Total dissolved solids and their removal techniques.@International Journal, 2(2), 13-20.@Yes
<#LINE#>Gradient indication and spatial analysis of heavy metal redistribution in soils of the Surgil gas field (Aral sea region, Uzbekistan)<#LINE#>Jollibekov Murat @Baxtiyarovich,Tleumuratova Bibigul @Saribayevna,Urazimbetova Elzura @Pulatovna <#LINE#>18-25<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJEvS-2026-006.pdf<#LINE#>Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Nukus, Uzbekistan@Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Nukus, Uzbekistan@Karakalpak State University, Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Nukus, Uzbekistan<#LINE#>22/2/2026<#LINE#>15/3/2026<#LINE#>The article discusses the results of research on technogenic soil contamination at the Surgil natural gas field using local and translocal monitoring methods, gradient indication method, GIS technologies, and environmental risk indices. Such features of the Surgil gas fields (SGF) as industrial development on the freshly dried seabed, heterogeneous orography, insufficient phytoremediation conditions, and mesoclimatic changes have been identified. A generalized assessment of technogenic pollution was obtained both for individual drilling wells and for the entire SGF territory. It was established that the soils and ground near boreholes are technically practically uncontaminated by cyanides and biogenic elements, slightly contaminated by mineral salts and trace elements of nickel and chromium, moderately contaminated by arsenic and trace elements of cadmium and zinc. The content of selenium and lead ranges from moderate to severe pollution. Soil-grounds are heavily contaminated with copper microelements. The content of heavy metal microelements in soil and soils on SGF poses a low environmental risk for the environment, except for cadmium, whose RI index increases significantly from 2011 to very high in 2022.<#LINE#>Opekunov, A. Y., Mitrofanova, E. S., Sanni, S., Kommedal, R., Opekunova, M. G., & Bagi, A. (2015).@Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments of rivers and canals of Saint Petersburg.@Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta Seriya Geologiya Geografiya, 4, 98-109.@Yes$Opekunova, M. G., Opekunov, A. Y., Kukushkin, S. Y., & Arestova, I. Y. (2018).@Evaluation of environmental transformation in areas of hydrocarbon deposits in the North of Western Siberia.@Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 11(1), 99-110.@Yes$Bashkin, V. N., Galiulin, R. V., Galiulina, R. A., & Arabsky, A. K. (2019).@Risk of soil contamination by heavy metals through gas-dust emissions.@Issues of Risk Analysis, 16(1), 42-49.@Yes$Bogdanov N.A. (2018).@Heavy metals in soils as indicator of sanitary state of territories: monitoring of the south of Astrakhan region.@Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 4(4), 119-129.@Yes$Tarasova, S. S., & Gaevaya, E. V. (2021).@Studies of drilling sludge toxicity and possibilities for its utilization.@Probl. Reg. Ekol, (3), 75-79.@Yes$Tangahu, B. V., Sheikh Abdullah, S. R., Basri, H., Idris, M., Anuar, N., & Mukhlisin, M. (2011).@A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation.@International journal of chemical engineering, 2011(1), 939161.@Yes$VN, S. (1964).@Osnovnye ponyatiya lesnoy biogeotsenologii [Basic concepts of forest biogeocenology].@Osnovy lesnoy biogeotsenologii [Fundamentals of forest biogeocenology].@No$Jollibekov M.B., Tleumuratova B.S. &Urazimbetova E.P. (2026).@Metodologiya otsenki tekhnogennogo zagryazneniya okruzhayushchey sredy na neftegazovykh mestorozhdeniyakh.@Vestnik KKO AN RUz, (1), 54-63.@No$Hakanson L. (1980).@An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.@A sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14(8), 975-1001.@Yes$Loska K., Wiechula D. & Korus I. (2004).@Metal contamination of farming soils affected by industry.@Environment International, 30(2), 159-165.@Yes$Gope, M., Masto, R. E., George, J., & Balachandran, S. (2018).@Tracing source, distribution and health risk of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in street dust of Durgapur, India.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 154, 280-293.@Yes$Jiang, Y., Wen, H., Zhang, Q., Yuan, L., & Liu, L. (2022).@Source apportionment and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil from mining areas in northwestern China.@Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 44(5), 1551-1566.@Yes$Report (2006).@Vedomstvenny monitoring za sostoyaniem okruzhayushchey prirodnoy sredy pri osushchestvlenii neftegazovykh operatsiy na Kungradskom uchastke.@. Tashkent.@No
<#LINE#>Vegetative Propagation and Morphological Traits of Aquatic Weeds: Preliminary Assessment for Ecological Applications<#LINE#>Madhuri R. @Ekashinge,D.M. @Mahajan <#LINE#>26-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJEvS-2026-011.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Baburaoji Gholap College, Pune 411027 (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), India@Department of Botany, Anantrao Pawar College, Pirangut, Dist. Pune (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), India<#LINE#>19/3/2026<#LINE#>30/3/2026<#LINE#>Aquatic weeds are increasingly recognized for their ecological importance due to their rapid growth and biomass accumulation. However, limited information is available on their vegetative propagation and early growth performance under controlled conditions. The present study evaluated the propagation efficiency and morphological traits of four aquatic weed species, namely Alternanthera philoxeroides, Juncellus alopecuroides, Physalis minima, and Portulaca oleracea, collected from Pashan Lake, Pune, India. Stem cuttings (10 cm with 3–5 nodes) were propagated in coco-peat trays for 30 days under controlled conditions. Growth parameters including shoot length, root length, number of leaves, and fresh biomass were recorded and analysed using one-way ANOVA. Significant differences were observed among species for root length, leaf number, and biomass (p < 0.05), whereas shoot length did not differ significantly. Among the studied species, Physalis minima exhibited comparatively higher growth performance across most parameters, while Portulaca oleracea showed the lowest values. The results indicate species-specific variation in vegetative propagation efficiency and growth adaptability. These findings provide baseline information on morphological traits that may be relevant for ecological restoration and future phytoremediation studies. However, the absence of direct pollutant or heavy metal analysis limits the confirmation of phytoremediation potential, and further investigation is required.<#LINE#>Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T., & Geneve, R.L. (1997).@Plant propagation: principles and practices@. CABI. 770 pp.@Yes$Mackay, J., Dean, G., Plumb, R., & Booth, A. (2008).@A comparison of vegetative propagation techniques for endangered native grassland species.@Ecological Management & Restoration, 9(2), 130–138.@Yes$Leakey, R.R.B. (2004).@Physiology of vegetative reproduction.@In J. Burley, J. Evans, & J. A. Youngquist (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Forest Sciences (pp. 1655–1668). Elsevier.@Yes$Vymazal, J. (2011).@Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: A review.@Hydrobiologia, 674(1), 133–156.@Yes$Rezania, S., Din, M. F. M., Taib, S. M., Dahalan, F. A., Songip, A. R., Singh, L., & Kamyab, H. (2016).@The efficient role of aquatic plant (water hyacinth) in treating domestic wastewater in a continuous system.@International Journal of Phytoremediation, 18(7), 679–685.@Yes$Ali, H., Khan, E., & Sajad, M. A. (2013).@Phytoremediation of heavy metals: Concepts and applications.@Chemosphere, 91(7), 869–881.@Yes$Ekshinge, M.R., Wagh, G.S., & Mahajan, D.M. (2022).@A review on phytoremediation: a green approach based on applications of macrophytes.@ANVESAK-A bi-annual Journal, 52(9), 5–17.@Yes$Pokharkar, S.B., Mahajan, D.M., Nikam, T.D., &Gunale, V.R. (2009).@Assessing the impacts of habitat modification on plant diversity of an urban wetland.@Functional Plant Science and Biotechnology, 3(1), 55–59.@Yes$Kadam, S. & Mahajan, D.M. (2010). Ecology and Floristics of Aquatic Macrophytes from Urban Wetlands. Lambert Academic Publ., Germany.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Shabani, N., Mahajan, D.M., Gunale, V.R. & Sayadi, M.H. (2009a).@Screening for heavy metals tolerance in emergent macrophytes by repeatable method.@Pollution Research, 28(4), 721-726.@Yes$Mustafa, H. M., & Hayder, G. (2021).@Recent studies on applications of aquatic weed plants in phytoremediation of wastewater: A review article.@Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1), 355–365.@Yes$Scott, D.A. (1989).@A Directory of Asian Wetlands.@Gland: IUCN, xiv, 1181 p.: maps.@Yes$Deshmukh, S., Kulkarni, S., & Patil, R. (2018).@Biodiversity of aquatic weeds in Pashan Lake, Pune.@International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 6(5), 271–278.@Yes$Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T., & Geneve, R.L. (2014).@Plant propagation: Principles and practices (8th ed.).@Pearson Education Limited. 927 pp.@Yes$Smith, J. K. (2015).@Horticultural techniques for vegetative propagation.@Journal of Horticultural Science, 42(3), 167–175.@Yes$Vesk, P. A., Westoby, M., & Leishman, M. R. (2004).@The impacts of alien grasses on native plant communities.@Restoration Ecology, 12(3), 394–403.@Yes$Ismail, M.R., Hamdan, M.K. & Rahman, N.A. (2019).@Morphological variations of selected Aquilaria malaccensis provenances under field conditions.@Forest Research: An International Journal, 1(1), 15–22.@Yes$Voesenek, L. A. C. J., Colmer, T. D., Pierik, R., Millenaar, F. F., & Peeters, A. J. M. (2006).@How plants cope with complete submergence.@New Phytologist, 170(2), 213–226.@Yes$Xie, Y., Luo, W., Ren, B., & Li, F. (2007).@Morphological and physiological responses in submerged plants.@Annals of Botany, 100(7), 1517–1523.@Yes$Ding, M., Zhou, R., Chen, T., He, L., Jeppesen, E., & Li, L. (2021).@Physiological adaptations of submerged aquatic weeds.@Aquatic Ecology, 55, 33–45.@Yes$Chapin, F. S., Zavaleta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R. L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., Hooper, D. U., Lavorel, S., Sala, O. E., Hobbie, S. E., & Mack, M. C. (2000).@Consequences of changing biodiversity.@Nature, 405(6783), 234–242.@Yes$Chen, X., Liao, Y., Xie, Y., Wu, C., Li, F., Deng, Z., & Li, X. (2017).@Effects of sediment accretion and nutrient enrichment.@Scientific Reports, 7(1), 39963.@Yes
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Impacts of mining on groundwater environment near Khetri mine, Rajasthan (India): A Case study<#LINE#>Anil Kumar @Dular,Navratan @Aacharya <#LINE#>32-44<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJEvS-2025-023.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, MGS University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India@Department of Environmental Science, MGS University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>11/12/2025<#LINE#>7/1/2026<#LINE#>The present discourses emphasize that mining is an essential evil for economy of any country, but adversely affects the environment (air, soil, water, vegetation and human beings). Groundwater is the major source of fresh water in many countries and is widely used for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes). It is a renewable resource with inherent advantages over the surface water for pureness, lesser evaporation and wider distribution. The geochemistry and quality of groundwater is controlled by several processes, such as geology of the area, degree and rate of weathering of parent rock types, rock-water interaction during recharge of aquifer, and rate of groundwater flow of the present study area.<#LINE#>Dasgupta, S. P. (1968).@The structural history of the Khetri Copper Belt, Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts, Rajasthan.@Geol. Survey India., 98, 170.@Yes$Roychowdhury, M.K. and Dasgupta, S.P. (1964).@On the geology and mineralization in the Khetri copper belt, Jhnujhunu and Sikar districts, Rajasthan.@Geol. Sur. India, 31, 188-198.@Yes$Sethy, S.N., Syed, T.H., Kumar, A., Sinha, D. (2016).@Hydrogeochemical characterization and quality assessment of groundwater in parts of Southern Gangetic Plain.@Environ. Earth Sci., 75, 232.@Yes$Hooda, P.S., McNulty, D., Alloway, B.J., Aitken M.N. (1997).@Plant Availability of Heavy Metals in Soils Previously Amended with Heavy Applications of Sewage Sludge.@J. Sci. Food Agric., 73, 446-454.@Yes$Khan, S., Farooq, R., Shahbaz, S., Khan, M.A., Sadique, M. (2009).@Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables.@World App. Sci. J., 6(12), 602-1606.@Yes$Amari, K.E., Valera, P., Hibti, M., Pretti, S., Marcello, A. and S. Essarraj (2014).@Impact of mine tailings on surrounding soils and ground water: Case of Kettara old mine, Morocco.@Journal of African Earth Sciences, 100, 437-449.@Yes$U. Saxena and S. Saxena (2015).@Correlation study on physicochemical parameters and quality assessment of ground water of Bassi Tehsil of District Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.@Journal of Environment, Science and Technology, 1, 78-91.@Yes$B. Kaur Guron, S. Kalkal and R. Mehra (2024).@The impact of uranium contamination in groundwater on human health: a toxicological risk assessment.@International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-15.@Yes$Galkate, R. V., Yadav, S., Pandey, R. P., Negm, A. M., & Yadava, R. N. (2022).@An overview: Water resource management aspects in India.@Water Quality, Assessment and Management in India, 16, 29–55.@Yes$Kaur, S., Mehra, R., & Kumar, M. (2021).@Quantification of health risks and spatial distribution of heavy metals in groundwater of Lower Himalayas, India.@International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 3201–3218.@Yes$Zhang, K., Li, H., Han, J., Jiang, B., & Gao, J. (2021).@Understanding of mineral change mechanisms in coal mine groundwater reservoir and their influences on effluent water quality: An experimental study.@International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 8, 154–167.@Yes$Duggal, V., Rani, A., Mehra, R., & Balaram, V. (2017).@Risk assessment of metals from groundwater in northeast Rajasthan.@Journal of the Geological Society of India, 90, 77–84.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of Air Pollution in Kanpur and Unnao, UP, India<#LINE#>Rajesh @Kumar,Parijat @Srivastava,Om @Hari <#LINE#>45-53<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJEvS-2025-011.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Chemistry, Dr. AITD Kanpur, India@Department of Mechnical Engineering, HBTU Kanpur, India@Department of Applied Chemistry, Dr. AITD Kanpur, India<#LINE#>24/5/2025<#LINE#>30/1/2026<#LINE#>At present, the air quality index (AQI) in Kanpur has significantly deteriorated due to the rapid expansion of industrial activities. While industrialization has played a crucial role in economic growth, it has also led to severe environmental consequences, with air pollution being one of the most pressing concerns. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that India is home to several highly polluted cities, with approximately 14 to 15 cities ranking among the worst in terms of air quality. Kanpur, in particular, has been identified as one of the most critically affected cities, experiencing dangerously high levels of air pollution in recent years. Observations over the past few years indicate that industrial sectors are a major contributor to the city's worsening air pollution, surpassing even population-driven pollution sources. Among the key pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is the most dominant, comprising about 75% of total air pollutants, primarily in the form of dust and soot. Additionally, around 16% of air pollution is attributed to biomass burning, while vehicle emissions account for approximately 8–9%. However, seasonal variations also influence pollution levels. During the summer months, particulate matter contributions decrease to around 36%, with vehicular emissions playing an equal role in air pollution. This study analyzes pollution data from different areas during moderate weather conditions, revealing that approximately 20–80% of these areas experience severe pollution, particularly during winter. The colder months exacerbate pollution levels due to atmospheric conditions that trap pollutants closer to the ground, leading to the presence of toxic substances in the air. This phenomenon not only affects rainfall patterns and the overall environment but also poses significant health risks. Prolonged exposure to air pollution has been linked to numerous adverse health effects, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular complications, neurological disorders, premature births, increased mortality rates, and chronic irritation. Recognizing the gravity of the situation, various institutions and local communities have initiated efforts to mitigate pollution levels. Measures such as promoting the use of electric vehicles, encouraging carpooling and public transportation, planting more trees, and implementing stricter industrial emission regulations have been introduced. However, despite these ongoing efforts, the AQI in Kanpur remains well below acceptable standards. This paper aims to examine the underlying causes, sources, and impacts of air pollution in Kanpur, utilizing available data and literature to provide an in-depth understanding of pollution trends. Furthermore, it explores existing mitigation strategies and suggests potential solutions to improve air quality in the city.<#LINE#>Bandyopadhyay, D., Ghosh, D., & Chattopadhyay, A. (2014).@Lead induced oxidative stress mediated myocardial injury: A review.@International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 29(2), 67–71.@Yes$Mannucci, P.M., & Franchini, M. (2017).@Health effects of ambient air pollution in developing countries.@International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1048.@Yes$World Health Organization. (2015).@Burden of disease from ambient and household air pollution.@World Health Organization.@Yes$Hashim, D., & Boffetta, P. (2014).@Occupational and environmental exposures and cancers in developing countries.@Annals of Global Health, 80(5), 393–411.@Yes$Hou, Q., An, X. Q., Wang, Y., & Guo, J. P. (2010).@An evaluation of resident exposure to respirable particulate matter and health economic loss in Beijing during Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.@Science of the Total Environment, 408(19), 4026–4032.@Yes$Kan, H., Chen, R., & Tong, S. (2012).@Ambient air pollution, climate change, and population health in China.@Environment International, 42, 10–19.@Yes$Pena, M. S. B., & Rollins, A. (2017).@Environmental exposures and cardiovascular disease: A challenge for health and development in low- and middle-income countries.@Cardiology Clinics, 35(1), 71–83.@No$Kankaria, A., Nongkynrih, B., & Gupta, S. K. (2014).@Indoor air pollution in India: Implications on health and its control.@Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 39(4), 203–207.@No$Parajuli, I., Lee, H., & Shrestha, K. R. (2016).@Indoor air quality and ventilation assessment of rural mountainous households of Nepal.@International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5(2), 301–311.@No$Alka, B. (2017).@A review of hexavalent chromium.@Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7(7), 39–44.@No$Varsha, G., Malik, D. S., & Dinesh, K. (2017).@Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in middle stretch of river Ganga: An introspection.@International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(2), 62–71.@Yes$Sharma, P., Bihari, V., Agarwal, S. K., Verma, V., Kesavachandran, C. N., Pangtey, B. S., & Goel, S. K. (2012).@Groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]: A health survey and clinical examination of community inhabitants (Kanpur, India).@PLoS ONE, 7(10), e47877. https://doi.org/10.1371 /journal.pone.0047877@No$Singh, S. K., & Kashyap, G. C. (2016).@Mental health problems among male tannery workers: A study of Kanpur City, India.@Health, 4(7), 1089–1096.@Yes$Verma, P., Yadav, P. G., Pragati, K., & Dubey, R. (2025).@Occupational and non-occupational exposure to chromium induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in the population near Kanpur tanneries.@Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 29(1), 25–31.@No$Batabyal, A. A. (2023).@Tanneries in Kanpur and pollution in the Ganges: A theoretical analysis.@Regional Science Policy & Practice, 15(5), 1114–1124.@No$Shukla, A., Mishra, P., & Patnaik, P. (2025).@Indian workers’ well-being: A case study of Kanpur’s leather cluster.@The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 1–20.@Yes$Gupta, S., Gupta, R., & Tamra, R. (2007).@Challenges faced by leather industry in Kanpur (Project report).@Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.@No$Tripathi, A., Pandey, J., Khare, R., & Kahre, S. (n.d.).@Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the industrial region of Kanpur’s tannery sector and its removal from water using biochar.@@Yes$Panda, R. C., Selvasekhar, S., Murugan, D., Sivakumar, V., Narayani, T., & Sreepradha, C. (2016).@Cleaner production of basic chromium sulfate with a review of sustainable green production options.@Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4854–4862.@Yes$Alemu, L. G., Kefale, G. Y., Hailu, R., Tilahun, A., Minbale, E., & Eyasu, A. (2024).@Toward sustainable leather processing: A comprehensive review of cleaner production strategies and environmental impacts.@Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2024, Article 8117915.@Yes$CSIR (2025).@Estimated Loads of Pollutants of Different Vehicles in Kanpur.@Centre for Road Research Institute (CRRI).@Yes
<#LINE#>Review status of High Background Radiation Area (HBRAs) associated with Marine Microorganisms using Radioactive Remediation<#LINE#>Kumar @Pandion <#LINE#>54-66<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJEvS-2026-003.pdf<#LINE#>Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TN, India<#LINE#>6/2/2026<#LINE#>14/3/2026<#LINE#>The present study critically evaluates environmentally occurring High Background Radiation Areas (HBRAs) and their ecological association with marine microorganisms involved in radionuclide remediation. Emphasis is placed on the radiological characterization of environmental matrices, including seawater and coastal sediments, and the corresponding structure and functional diversity of microbial communities inhabiting these radiation enriched ecosystems. Microorganisms residing in HBRAs exhibit pronounced radio resistance and metabolic plasticity, enabling survival under chronic exposure to be elevated ionizing radiation. Such resilience is attributed to enhanced DNA repair systems, antioxidant defense mechanisms, efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and adaptive genomic modifications. Long-term radiation exposure has driven selective pressure, resulting in stable genetic mutations and regulatory adaptations that optimize survival and metabolic efficiency in radionuclide-rich environments. Importantly, these adaptive traits facilitate diverse biogeochemical processes including bioaccumulation, biosorption, biotransformation, bio reduction, and biomineralization of radionuclides. Microbial taxa capable of mediating redox transformations can alter radionuclide speciation, solubility, and mobility, thereby promoting immobilization or detoxification. Additionally, certain strains possess metalbinding proteins, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and enzymatic systems that enhance radionuclide sequestration and precipitation. The sustained exposure of microbial communities to radionuclides in HBRAs provides a natural model system for understanding microberadionuclide interactions at molecular and ecosystem levels. This evaluation synthesizes current knowledge on physiological, biochemical, and genomic mechanisms underpinning microbial adaptation and highlights their potential application in developing sustainable, eco-compatible strategies for radioactive waste remediation and environmental restoration.<#LINE#>Popic, J. M., Urso, L., & Michalik, B. (2023).@Assessing the exposure situations with naturally occurring radioactive materials across European countries by means of the e-NORM survey.@Science of the total Environment, 905, 167065.@Yes$Pandion, K., Arunachalam, K. D., Dowlath, M. J. H., Chinnapan, S., Chang, S. W., Chang, W., ... & Ravindran, B. (2023).@The spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters in coastal sediments along the Bay of Bengal Coastal Zone with statistical analysis.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(1), 126.@Yes$Acosta-González, A., & Marqués, S. (2016).@Bacterial diversity in oil-polluted marine coastal sediments.@Current opinion in biotechnology, 38, 24-32.@Yes$Cecchi, G., Cutroneo, L., Di Piazza, S., Vagge, G., Capello, M., & Zotti, M. (2020).@From waste to resource: mycoremediation of contaminated marine sediments in the SEDITERRA project.@Journal of soils and sediments, 20(6), 2653-2663.@Yes$Bulgariu, L., & Bulgariu, D. (2019).@Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals using marine algae biomass. In Green materials for wastewater treatment (pp. 69-98).@Cham: Springer International Publishing.@Yes$Trevisi, R., Ampollini, M., Bogi, A., Bucci, S., Caldognetto, E., La Verde, G., ... & Pugliese, M. (2023).@Radiological protection in industries involving NORM: a (graded) methodological approach to characterize the exposure situations.@Atmosphere, 14(4), 635.@Yes$Sohrabi, M. (2013).@World high background natural radiation areas: Need to protect public from radiation exposure.@Radiation Measurements, 50, 166-171.@Yes$Xiong, D., & Wang, C. (2021).@Risk assessment of human exposure to heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and radionuclides in oil-based drilling cutting residues used for roadbed materials in Chongqing, China.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(35), 48171-48183.@Yes$Puertas, F., Suárez-Navarro, J. A., Alonso López, M., & Gascó, C. (2021).@NORM waste, cements, and concretes.@A review.@Yes$Popic, J. M., Haanes, H., Di Carlo, C., Nuccetelli, C., Venoso, G., Leonardi, F., ... & Fevrier, L. (2023).@Tools for harmonized data collection at exposure situations with naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).@Environment International, 175, 107954.@Yes$Julius, H. W., & Van Dongen, R. (1985).@Radiation doses to the population in the Netherlands, due to external natural sources.@Science of The Total Environment, 45, 449-458.@Yes$Green, B. M. R., Brown, L., Cliff, K. D., Driscoll, C. M. H., Miles, J. C. H., & Wrixon, A. D. (1985).@Surveys of natural radiation exposure in UK dwellings with passive and active measurement techniques.@Science of the Total Environment, 45, 459-466.@Yes$Bezuidenhout, J., & le Roux, R. (2024).@Investigating Radon Concentrations in the Cango Cave, South Africa.@Atmosphere, 15(9), 1133.@Yes$Lin, Y. M., Lin, P. H., Chen, C. J., & Huang, C. C. (1987).@Measurements of terrestrial γ radiation in Taiwan, Republic of China.@Health physics (1958), 52(6), 805-811.@Yes$Tso, M. Y. W., & Li, C. C. (1992).@Terrestrial gamma radiation dose in Hong Kong.@Health physics, 62(1), 77-81.@Yes$Marouf, B. A., Mohamad, A. S., Taha, J. S., & Al-Haddad, I. K. (1992).@Population doses from environmental gamma radiation in Iraq.@Health physics, 62(5), 443-444.@Yes$Al-Jundi, J. (2002).@Population doses from terrestrial gamma exposure in areas near to old phosphate mine, Russaifa, Jordan.@Radiation Measurements, 35(1), 23-28.@Yes$Aliyu, A. S., & Ramli, A. T. (2015).@The world@Radiation Measurements, 73, 51-59.@Yes$Ahmad, S., Koya, P. K. M., & Seshadri, M. (2013).@Effects of chronic low level radiation in the population residing in the high level natural radiation area in Kerala, India: employing heritable DNA mutation studies.@Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 751(2), 91-95.@Yes$Karuppasamy, C. V., Ramachandran, E. N., Kumar, V. A., Kumar, P. V., Koya, P. K. M., Jaikrishan, G., & Das, B. (2016).@Peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus frequencies in men from areas of Kerala, India, with high vs normal levels of natural background ionizing radiation.@Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 800, 40-45.@Yes$Singh, H. N., Shanker, D., Neelakandan, V. N., & Singh, V. P. (2007).@Distribution patterns of natural radioactivity and delineation of anomalous radioactive zones using in situ radiation observations in Southern Tamil Nadu, India.@Journal of hazardous materials, 141(1), 264-272.@Yes$Bhattacharya, T., Shankar, V. M., Reddy, B. R. M., Thangavel, S., & Sharma, P. K. (2018).@Radioactivity levels in the atomic mineral occurrences along Dharmapuri Shear zone in parts of Vellore, Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu, India.@Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 132, 135-141.@Yes$K., Bhaumik, B. K., Guin, R., & Saha, S. K. (2006).@A new high background radiation area in the Geothermal region of Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) of Orissa, India.@Radiation Measurements, 41(5), 602-610.@Yes$Mohanty, A. K., Sengupta, D., Das, S. K., Saha, S. K., & Van, K. V. (2004).@Natural radioactivity and radiation exposure in the high background area at Chhatrapur beach placer deposit of Orissa, India.@Journal of environmental radioactivity, 75(1), 15-33.@Yes$Shrivastava, H. B., Rao, V. K., Singh, R. V., Rahman, M., Rout, G. B., Banerjee, R., ... & Verma, M. B. (2015).@Uranium series disequilibrium studies in Chenchu colony area, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.@Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 105, 163-169.@Yes$Reddy, K. V. K., Reddy, B. S., Reddy, M. S., Reddy, C. G., Reddy, P. Y., & Reddy, K. R. (2003).@Baseline studies of radon/thoron concentration levels in and around the Lambapur and Peddagattu areas in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India.@Radiation measurements, 36(1-6), 419-423.@Yes$Mulas, D., Camacho, A., Serrano, I., Montes, S., Devesa, R., & Duch, M. A. (2017).@Natural and artificial radionuclides in sludge, sand, granular activated carbon and reverse osmosis brine from a metropolitan drinking water treatment plant.@Journal of environmental radioactivity,  177, 233-240.@Yes$Tsytsugina, V. G. E., Risik, N. S., Lazorenko, G. E., & Polikarpov, B. (1975).@Artificial and natural radionuclides in marine life.@@Yes$Veguerı́a, S. F. J., Godoy, J. M., & Miekeley, N. (2002).@Environmental impact in sediments and seawater due to discharges of Ba, 226Ra, 228Ra, V, Ni and Pb by produced water from the Bacia de Campos oil field offshore platforms.@Environmental Forensics, 3(2), 115-123.@Yes$Vegueria, S. J., Godoy, J. M., & Miekeley, N. (2002).@Environmental impact studies of barium and radium discharges by produced waters from the “Bacia de Campos” oil-field offshore platforms, Brazil.@Journal of Environmental radioactivity, 62(1), 29-38.@Yes$Matishov, D. G., & Matishov, G. G. (2013).@Radioecology in Northern European Seas.@Springer Science & Business Media.@Yes$Harikrishnan, N., Ravisankar, R., Chandrasekaran, A., Gandhi, M. S., Vijayagopal, P., & Mehra, R. (2018).@Assessment of gamma radiation and associated radiation hazards in coastal sediments of south east coast of Tamilnadu, India with statistical approach.@Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, 162, 521-528.@Yes$Ramasamy, V., Sundarrajan, M., Paramasivam, K., Meenakshisundaram, V., & Suresh, G. (2013).@Assessment of spatial distribution and radiological hazardous nature of radionuclides in high background radiation area, Kerala, India.@Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 73, 21-31.@Yes$Noureddine, A., Benkrid, M., Hammadi, A., Boudjenoun, R., Menacer, M., Khaber, A., & Kecir, M. S. (2003).@Radioactivity distribution in surface and core sediment of the central part of the Algerian Coast: An estimation of the recent sedimentation rate.@Mediterranean Marine Science, 4(2), 53-58.@Yes$Berlanga, M. (2000).@Microbiología. LM Prescott, JP Harley, DA Klein.@International Microbiology, 3(3), 198-199.@No$Tamponnet, C., Martin-Garin, A., Gonze, M. A., Parekh, N., Vallejo, R., Sauras-Yera, T., ... & Shaw, G. (2008).@An overview of BORIS: bioavailability of radionuclides in soils.@Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99(5), 820-830.@Yes$Shaowei, W., Zhaorong, S., Ping, W., Guoliang, W., & Yuqin, D. (2016).@Study on radioactive contaminated soil remediation technologies and selection principles.@In International Confernece Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (pp. 547-554). Singapore: Springer Singapore.@Yes$Tabak, H. H., Lens, P., Van Hullebusch, E. D., & Dejonghe, W. (2005).@Developments in bioremediation of soils and sediments polluted with metals and radionuclides–1. Microbial processes and mechanisms affecting bioremediation of metal contamination and influencing metal toxicity and transport.@Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 4(3), 115-156.@Yes$Tišáková, L. E. N. K. A., Pipíška, M. A. R. T. I. N., Godány, A. N. D. R. E. J., Horník, M. I. R. O. S. L. A. V., Vidová, B., & Augustín, J. (2013).@Bioaccumulation of 137Cs and 60Co by bacteria isolated from spent nuclear fuel pools.@Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 295(1), 737-748.@Yes$Staunton, S., Dumat, C., & Zsolnay, A. (2002).@Possible role of organic matter in radiocaesium adsorption in soils.@Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 58(2-3), 163-173.@Yes$Merroun, M. L., & Selenska-Pobell, S. (2008).@Bacterial interactions with uranium: an environmental perspective.@Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 102(3-4), 285-295.@Yes$Ozdemir, S., Oduncu, M. K., Kilinc, E., & Soylak, M. (2017).@Resistance, bioaccumulation and solid phase extraction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus vallismortis and its UV–vis spectrophotometric determination.@Journal of environmental radioactivity, 171, 217-225.@Yes$Tsuruta, T. (2006).@Bioaccumulation of uranium and thorium from the solution containing both elements using various microorganisms.@Journal of alloys and compounds, 408, 1312-1315.@Yes$Prakash, D., Gabani, P., Chandel, A. K., Ronen, Z., & Singh, O. V. (2013).@Bioremediation: a genuine technology to remediate radionuclides from the environment.@Microbial Biotechnology, 6(4), 349-360.@Yes$Luk’yanova, E. A., Zakharova, E. V., Konstantinova, L. I., & Nazina, T. N. (2008).@Sorption of radionuclides by microorganisms from a deep repository of liquid low-level waste.@Radiochemistry, 50(1), 85-90.@Yes$Dobrowolski, R., Szcześ, A., Czemierska, M., & Jarosz-Wikołazka, A. (2017).@Studies of cadmium (II), lead (II), nickel (II), cobalt (II) and chromium (VI) sorption on extracellular polymeric substances produced by Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus rhodochrous.@Bioresource technology, 225, 113-120.@Yes$Jabbar, T., & Wallner, G. (2015).@Biotransformation of radionuclides: Trends and challenges.@Radionuclides in the Environment: Influence of chemical speciation and plant uptake on radionuclide migration, 169-184.@Yes$Francis, A. J., & Nancharaiah, Y. V. (2015).@In situ and ex situ bioremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soils at nuclear and norm sites.@In Environmental remediation and restoration of contaminated nuclear and norm sites (pp. 185-236). Woodhead Publishing.@Yes$Mohapatra, B. R., Dinardo, O., Gould, W. D., & Koren, D. W. (2010).@Biochemical and genomic facets on the dissimilatory reduction of radionuclides by microorganisms –A review.@Minerals Engineering, 23(8), 591-599.@Yes$Cherkouk, A., Law, G. T., Rizoulis, A., Law, K., Renshaw, J. C., Morris, K., ... & Lloyd, J. R. (2016).@Influence of riboflavin on the reduction of radionuclides by Shewanella oneidenis MR-1.@Dalton Transactions, 45(12), 5030-5037.@Yes$Pandey, B. D., & Natarajan, K. A. (Eds.). (2015).@Microbiology for minerals, metals, materials and the environment.@CRC Press.@Yes$Francis, A. J., Dodge, C. J., & Gillow, J. B. (1992).@Biodegradation of metal citrate complexes and implications for toxic-metal mobility.@Nature, 356(6365), 140-142.@Yes$Dadachova, E., & Casadevall, A. (2008).@Ionizing radiation: how fungi cope, adapt, and exploit with the help of melanin.@Current opinion in microbiology, 11(6), 525-531.@Yes$Arlinger, J., Oskarsson, A., Albinsson, Y., Andlid, T., & Pedersen, K. (2003).@Mobilisation of radionuclides by ligands produced by bacteria from the deep subsurface.@MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL), 807, 823.@Yes$Green, S. J., Prakash, O., Jasrotia, P., Overholt, W. A., Cardenas, E., Hubbard, D., ... & Kostka, J. E. (2012).@Denitrifying bacteria from the genus Rhodanobacter dominate bacterial communities in the highly contaminated subsurface of a nuclear legacy waste site.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 78(4), 1039-1047.@Yes$Amachi, S., Minami, K., Miyasaka, I., & Fukunaga, S. (2010).@Ability of anaerobic microorganisms to associate with iodine: 125I tracer experiments using laboratory strains and enriched microbial communities from subsurface formation water.@Chemosphere, 79(4), 349-354.@Yes$Sharma, A., Gaidamakova, E. K., Grichenko, O., Matrosova, V. Y., Hoeke, V., Klimenkova, P., ... & Daly, M. J. (2017).@Across the tree of life, radiation resistance is governed by antioxidant Mn2+, gauged by paramagnetic resonance.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(44), E9253-E9260.@Yes$Shuryak, I., & Brenner, D. J. (2010).@Effects of radiation quality on interactions between oxidative stress, protein and DNA damage in Deinococcus radiodurans.@Radiation and environmental biophysics, 49(4), 693-703.@Yes$Ardini, M., Fiorillo, A., Fittipaldi, M., Stefanini, S., Gatteschi, D., Ilari, A., & Chiancone, E. (2013).@Kineococcus radiotolerans Dps forms a heteronuclear Mn–Fe ferroxidase center that may explain the Mn-dependent protection against oxidative stress.@Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1830(6), 3745-3755.@Yes$Song, S., Zhang, S., Huang, S., Zhang, R., Yin, L., Hu, Y., ... & Wang, X. (2019).@A novel multi-shelled Fe3O4@undefined@Yes$MnOx hollow microspheres for immobilizing U (VI) and Eu (III).@Chemical Engineering Journal, 355, 697-709.@undefined@Yes$Slade, D., & Radman, M. (2011).@Oxidative stress resistance in Deinococcus radiodurans.@Microbiology and molecular biology reviews, 75(1), 133-191.@Yes$Yu, K. N., Stokes, M. J., Young, E., & Guan, Z. J. (1994).@Natural and artificial radionuclides in seabed sediments of Hong Kong.@Nuclear Geophysics (International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation, Part E);(United Kingdom), 8(1).@Yes$Ding, L., Tan, W. F., Xie, S. B., Mumford, K., Lv, J. W., Wang, H. Q., ... & Li, M. (2018).@Uranium adsorption and subsequent re-oxidation under aerobic conditions by Leifsonia sp.-Coated biochar as green trapping agent.@Environmental Pollution, 242, 778-787.@Yes$Lovley, D. R. (2002).@Microbial redox interactions with uranium: an environmental perspective.@In Radioactivity in the Environment (Vol. 2, pp. 205-223). Elsevier.@Yes$Yin, Y., Wang, J., Yang, X., & Li, W. (2017).@Removal of strontium ions by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in magnetic chitosan microspheres.@Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 49(1), 172-177.@Yes$Alexandrova, M., Rozhko, T., Vydryakova, G., & Kudryasheva, N. (2011).@Effect of americium-241 on luminous bacteria. Role of peroxides.@Journal of environmental radioactivity, 102(4), 407-411.@Yes$Misra, C. S., Appukuttan, D., Kantamreddi, V. S. S., Rao, A. S., & Apte, S. K. (2012).@Recombinant D. radiodurans cells for bioremediation of heavy metals from acidic/neutral aqueous wastes.@Bioengineered, 3(1), 44-48.@Yes$Raghu, G., Balaji, V., Venkateswaran, G., Rodrigue, A., & Maruthi Mohan, P. (2008).@Bioremediation of trace cobalt from simulated spent decontamination solutions of nuclear power reactors using E. coli expressing NiCoT genes.@Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 81(3), 571-578.@Yes$Nilgiriwala, K. S., Alahari, A., Rao, A. S., & Apte, S. K. (2008).@Cloning and overexpression of alkaline phosphatase PhoK from Sphingomonas sp. strain BSAR-1 for bioprecipitation of uranium from alkaline solutions.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 74(17), 5516-5523.@Yes$Appukuttan, D., Rao, A. S., & Apte, S. K. (2006).@Engineering of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 for bioprecipitation of uranium from dilute nuclear waste.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(12), 7873-7878.@Yes$Hazen, T. C., & Tabak, H. H. (2005).@Developments in bioremediation of soils and sediments polluted with metals and radionuclides: 2. Field research on bioremediation of metals and radionuclides.@Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 4(3), 157-183.@Yes$Reena, R., Majhi, M. C., Arya, A. K., Kumar, R., & Kumar, A. (2012).@BioRadBase: a database for bioremediation of radioactive waste.@African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(35), 8718-8721.@Yes$Xu, Y., & Zhou, N. Y. (2017).@Microbial remediation of aromatics-contaminated soil.@Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 11(2), 1.@Yes$Lofrano, G., Libralato, G., Minetto, D., De Gisi, S., Todaro, F., Conte, B., ... & Notarnicola, M. (2017).@In situ remediation of contaminated marinesediment: an overview.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(6), 5189-5206.@Yes$Paterson-Beedle, M., Macaskie, L. E., Lee, C. H., Hriljac, J. A., Jee, K. Y., & Kim, W. H. (2006).@Utilisation of a hydrogen uranyl phosphate-based ion exchanger supported on a biofilm for the removal of cobalt, strontium and caesium from aqueous solutions.@Hydrometallurgy, 83(1-4), 141-145.@Yes$Sasaki, K., Takeno, K., Shinkawa, H., Sasaki, K., & Das, N. (2015).@Removal of radioactivity and recovery of radioactive Cs from sediment mud and soil in Fukushima, Japan using immobilized photosynthetic bacteria.@Advanced Materials Research, 1091, 125-130.@Yes$Pandion, K., & Arunachalam, K. D. (2022).@Potential health risk estimation of naturally occurring radionuclides intake due to the consumption of seafood around Coastal zone.@J. Food Sci. Nutr. Ther., 8(1), 028-037.@Yes$Pandion, K., Dowlath, M. J. H., Arunachalam, K. D., Abd-Elkader, O. H., Yadav, K. K., Nazir, N., ... & Ravindran, B. (2023).@Seasonal influence on physicochemical properties of the sediments from Bay of Bengal coast with statistical approach.@Environmental Research, 235, 116611.@Yes$Pandion, K., Mayanib, S. V., Nikamc, R. J., Saranb, A., & Deivi Arunachalam, K. (2024).@Naturally occurring radionuclides intake of fish diversity by inhabitants around the nuclear power plant, based on the market basket sampling (MBS) approach.@Environ. Sci. Open Access, 2(1), 1006.@Yes$Pandion, K., Arunachalam, K. D., Gaafar, A. R. Z., Almunqedhi, B. M., Kuppusamy, S., Singh, R. P., ... & Balasubramani, R. (2025).@Assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides in the coastal sediment with statistical analysis of radiological risk parameters.@Journal of Hydroinformatics, 27(1), 17-32.@Yes
<#LINE#>Natural Springs in Hilly and Arid Regions: A review of their conservation and management<#LINE#>Anil @Khole <#LINE#>67-73<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJEvS-2026-004.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology, B. Raghunath College, Parbhani - Affiliated to Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (Maharashtra), India<#LINE#>9/2/2026<#LINE#>10/3/2026<#LINE#>On Earth, natural springs constitute core elements of water resource geography; in India, hilly and arid landforms serve as permanent sources of freshwater for domestic, agricultural, and ecological sustenance. The attempt to focus on the spring hydrology, usage patterns, and socio-agricultural significance, with geographical lenses on the Himalayan and Western Ghats regions and dominated terrains. The natural springs are facing critical challenges, including irregular climatic conditions, anthropogenic land-use alterations, and declining spring discharge, thereby underscoring the urgency of integrated spring water management and conservation. The research further examines community-led management and conservation efforts, policy frameworks, government schemes, and technological interventions aimed at spring rejuvenation. The Northern States, like Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand (Dev Bhoomi), had over 60 percent of rural households and were rich in biodiversity.  Studies have shown that in arid and semi-arid regions, springs make their contribution for the formation of micro-habitats and frigid climate endurance through flowing spring-linked recharge kinetics. This review focuses attention on strategic parameters to sustain natural spring-based water systems in fragile, water-scarce regions. Natural springs are a vital source for the ecosystems and local livelihoods, especially in hilly regions. Their existence requires integrated management, catchment care, water quality checks, and safeguards. The conservation movement should be advanced by strengthening institutions and eco-education, particularly through student and local communities’ involvement, which is crucial for preserving natural springs.<#LINE#>Davis, J.A., Kerezsy, A. & Nicol, S.S. (2017).@Springs: Conserving perennial water is critical in arid landscapes.@Biological Conservation, 211(B), 30-35.@Yes$Abraham Springer & Lawrence E. Stevens (2009).@Spheres of discharge of springs.@Hydrogeology Journal, 17(1), 83-93.@Yes$Vasudha Narayanan (2001).@Water, Wood, and Wisdom: Ecological Perspectives from the Hindu Traditions.@JSTOR, 130(4), 179-206.@Yes$Kaustubh Mahamuni & Himanshu Kulkarni (2013).@Hydrogeology based Catchment Area Planning for Spring Water Management in Tuensang district, Nagaland under the North East Initiative (NEI).@Report number: ACWA/2013/NEIDA Report/Tuensang 1 Affiliation: Advanced Center for Water Resources Development and Management.@No$Vashisht, A.K. & Sharma, H.C. (2007).@Study on hydrological behaviour of a natural spring.@Current Science, 93(6), 837-840.@Yes$Satpal S. B., Nagendra N. D., & Tripathy, N. K. (2011).@Indian Hot- Water Springs: A Bird’s Eye View.@Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits, 1(1), 1-15.@Yes$Fahim Un Nisa & Rashid Umar. (2024).@Spring water system classifications & their methods of study: An overiew of the current & future perspectives.@Journal of Earth System Science, Springer Nature, 133(10).@Yes$Kunal K. G., & Siddharth S.R. (2016).@Managing the humanitarian relief chain: The Uttarakhand disaster issues.@Journal of Advances in Management Research, emerald Pub., 13(1).@Yes$Negi, G.C.S. & Joshi, V.  (2004).@Rainfall and spring discharge pattern    in    two    small    drainage pattern catchments in the western Himalayan Mountain, India.@@Yes$Ayushi Vijhani, V.S.P. Sinha, C.A. Vishwakarma, P. Singh, S.K. Sharma (2022).@Assessment of diminishing discharge of springs in Central Himalayan region, India, Hydrological Processes.@WILLEY Pub., 36(5), e14582.@Yes$Prasenjit Das, Maya, K & Padmalal, D. (2021).@Hydrogeochemistry of the Indian thermal springs: Current status.@Earth-Science Reviews, Science Direct, 24 (103890).@Yes$Neha, C. Anjali, N. & Negi, M.S. (2024).@Rainfall dependency and water quality assessment of springs of three villages of Rudra Prayag Dist.: An analysis of veins of Uttarakhand, Himalaya.@Acta Geographica Debrecina Landscape & Environment series, 18(1), 36-47.@Yes$Subhajyoti Das. (2018).@Chapter: Water Management in Arid and Semiarid Areas of India, Ground water Development Issues & Sustainable Solutions.@Springer Nature Link Pub., 15-33. ISBN-13: 9789811317712.@Yes$Zubair, A. Khan., Rohitashw, K., Afzal, Husain Khan& Jagadesh P. (2025).@Impact Asses. of Natural Springs for Irrigation Potential in the Hilly Areas of Kashmir.@Sustainability, 17(12), 5490.@Yes$Agarwal, A., Bhatnaga, N.K., Nema R.K. & Agrawal, N. K. (2012).@Rainfall Dependence of springs in the Midwestern Himalayan Hills of Uttarakhand.@Mt. Res. Dev: 446–455.@Yes$Kireet Kumar & Rawat D.S. (1996).@Water management in Himalayan ecosystem: A study of natural springs of Almora.@Indus Pub. Company, New Delhi. ISBN-13: 9788173870477.@No$Martin R. & Peter C. (2018).@Different forest cover and its impact on eco-hydrological traits, invertebrate fauna & biodiversity of spring habitats.@Nature Conservation, 27, 85-99.@Yes$Garima Dubey, Gauhar Mahmood and Amina Zakiah (2021).@Impact assessment of spring water on human health in parts of Himalayan region.@JETIR, 8(7), 709-723.@Yes$Bootheina Majoul, Digvijay Pandya and Lin Wang (2023).@Proceedings of the 2022 4th International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2022).@Atlantis Press SARL.@Yes$Jose M., Agustina O., Meliton J., L Vera-Romero (2015).@Physical-Chemical and Therapeutic Properties of Hot Springs and Hydrothermal Waters.@IJRIES, 2(1), 10-12.@No$Binit Vaidya & Shweta Nakarmi (2025).@Epidemiology of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Disorders in Province 3 of Nepal: A COPCORD-Based Community Survey.@International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 28(12).@Yes$Naik, P. K. & Awasthi, A. K. (2006).@Role of springs in regeneration of forests in the Western Ghats, India.@In: Proc., International Workshop on ‘Impacts of Reforestation of Degraded Land on Landscape Hydrology in the Asian Region’ At: Roorkee, India.@No$Sahay, H., Yadav, A.N., Singh, A.K. et al. (2017).@Hot springs of Indian Himalayas: potential sources of microbial div. and thermostable hydrolytic enzymes.@3, Biotech, Springer Nature, 7(118).@Yes$Amitabha Roy. (2025).@Multivariate Geospatial Heat Map Analysis for Interpretation of India@OSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG), 13(3),01-07.@Yes$Gurav, T., Singh, H.K. & Chandrasekharam, D. (2016).@Major and trace element conc. in the geothermal springs along the west coast of Maharashtra, India.@Arab J Geosci, 9(44).@Yes$Xiaohong, Liu & Jie., Cheng & Hongyan., Sun. (2023).@Cultural Connotation of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes, Grasslands and Deserts.@Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 36(9), 104-115.@Yes$Jaspal Singh Chauhan, Tarun Badwal & Neha Badola (2020).@Assessment of potability of spring water and its health implication in a hilly village of Uttarakhand, India. Springer Link, 10(73).@undefined@Yes$Mohd. Imran, Jyesh Desai, Himanshu Kulkarni and Kaustubh Mahamuni (2019).@Comprehensive report on springs in the Indian Himalayan Region.@Report no. ACWA/Hydro/2019/H88.10.13140/RG.2.2.12104.06408.@Yes$NHP (2025).@National Hydrology Project, Ministry of Water Resources, RD & GR, Govt. of India.@www.nhp.mowr.gov.in@Yes$DST (2025).@Department of Science & Technology, Govt.@of India. www.dst.gov.in@Yes$UNDP (2026).@United Nations Development Programme.@www.undp.org@Yes$DLR (2025).@Department of Land Resources, Govt. of India.@www.dolr.gov.in,@Yes$IWP (2025).@India Water Portal, Govt. of India.@www.indiawaterportal.org@Yes
<#LINE#>Reviewing the degradation of water quality of Hooghly river with relation to environmental issues using multivariate statistical techniques<#LINE#>Farhana @Islam,Chandra @Mukherjee,Amitlal @Bhattacharya <#LINE#>74-81<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJEvS-2026-009.pdf<#LINE#>Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College, Aurangabad, Murshidabad, 742201, West Bengal, India@The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour, West Bengal, 7443368, West Bengal, India@Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College, Aurangabad, Murshidabad, 742201, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>6/3/2026<#LINE#>11/4/2026<#LINE#>This study reviewing the degradation of water quality of Hooghly River with relation to environmental issues using multivariate statistical techniques. The river plays a vital role in supporting the ecological balance and meeting the water needs of a large population, especially in Kolkata. However, increasing anthropogenic activities and urbanization have significantly degraded its water quality. To understand the variation in water quality, samples were collected from three major ghats like Bag bazar, Babughat, and Howrah Ferry Ghat. Various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were analysed during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Multivariate statistical techniques, including Pearson correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were used to identify relationships among variables and major pollution sources. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was also applied to evaluate the overall suitability of water for use. The results indicate significant seasonal and spatial variations in water quality. High conductivity and TDS values, along with low DO levels, suggest the presence of organic and inorganic pollution mainly from sewage discharge, industrial waste, and urban runoff. PCA results revealed that anthropogenic activities and seasonal factors are the major controlling elements influencing water quality. The study highlights the urgent need for proper monitoring and management strategies to improve the water quality of the Hooghly River and ensure sustainable utilisation of water resources.<#LINE#>Singh, K. P., Malik, A., Mohan, D., and Sinha, S. (2004).@Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)—a case study.@Water Research, 38(18), 3980–3992.@Yes$Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., ... & Davies, P. (2010).@Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity.@nature, 467(7315), 555-561.@Yes$Whitehead, P. G., Wilby, R. L., Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M., & Wade, A. J. (2009).@A review of the potential impacts of climate change on surface water quality.@Hydrological sciences journal, 54(1), 101-123.@Yes$Shrestha,S., and Kazama, F. (2007).@Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan.@Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(4), 464–475.@Yes$UN-Water (2018).@Nature-Based Solutions for Water.@The United Nations World Water Development Report.@Yes$Varol, M., and Şen, B. (2009).@Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Tigris River basin, Turkey.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 159(1–4), 543–553.@Yes$Shrestha, S. and Kazama, F. (2007).@Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan.@Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(4), 464–475@Yes$Brown, R. M., McClelland, N. I., Deininger, R. A., and O’Connor, M. F. (1972).@A water quality index—do we dare?.@Water & Sewage Works, 117(10), 339–343.@Yes$CPCB (2019).@Water Quality Status of River Ganga in India.@Central Pollution Control Board.@No$Misha Roy, Rahul Majumder, Farzana Shamim, and Chaitali Ghosh (2022).@Evaluation of the water quality status of the Hooghly River (Ganges) in West Bengal, India.@Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, Special Issue [3], 383–389.@Yes$Islam, F., Mukherjee, C., and Bhattacharya, A. (2024).@Spatiotemporal Analysis of Water Contaminants and Environmental Stress in Hooghly Basin.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 14(1), 12-18 (ISCA Journal).@Yes$Sharma, D. (2025).@Sustainable Water Management and Ecological Restoration of Indian Rivers.@International E-Publication, India, pp 1-180. ISBN: 978-93-84648-12-1.@No$Gupta, A. and Das, S. (2026).@Influence of Urban Runoff on Distributaries of Ganga: A Multivariate Statistical Approach.@Souvenir from 16th International Science Congress, Indore, India, 45-48.@No$Das, P.K. and Roy, S. (2024).@Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Riverine Ecosystems.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 14(3), 20-27 (ISCA Journal).@Yes$Roy, S., Gupta, A., and Prakash, A. (2019).@Hydrochemical analysis and water quality assessment of river systems using multivariate statistical techniques.@Applied Water Science, 9(6), 1–12.@Yes$Dutta, V., and Sengupta, S. (2016).@Assessment of water quality of river Ganga using multivariate statistical techniques.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(5), 1–15.@Yes$Sharma, D. (2025).@Sustainable Water Management Strategies in South Asia.@International E-Publication, India, pp 1-200. ISBN: 978-93-84648-12-1.@No$Roy, S., Gupta, A., & Prakash, A. (2019).@Hydro chemical analysis and water quality assessment of river systems.@Applied Water Science, 9(6), 1–12.@No$M. Roy and A. Bhattacharya (2022).@Assessing the impact of climate change on the spatiotemporal variation of water quality of Hooghly Riverusing multivariate method.@TROPMET, 29.11.2022-02.12.2022, IISER, Bhopal,255-256.@No$Delpha, I., Baures, E., Jung, A. V., and Thomas, O. (2009).@Impacts of climate change on surface water quality in relation to drinking water production.@Environment International, 35(8), 1225–1233.@Yes$Tyagi, S., Sharma, B., Singh, P., and Dobhal, R. (2013).@Water quality index: A review of distribution and classification.@Popular Science, 1(3), 34–45.@Yes$Bhattacharya, S., et al. (2015).@Water quality assessment of the Hooghly River.@Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 18(2), 20–29.@Yes$APHA (2017).@Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (23rd ed.).@American Public Health Association.@No$Gupta, N., Pandey, P., & Hussain, J. (2017).@Effect of physicochemical parameters.@Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 9(1), 1–16@Yes$Gopal, V., & Narayana, P. S. (2015).@Physicochemical analysis of water quality.@International Journal of Applied Research, 1(9), 169–174.@Yes$Wang, X., Lu, Y., Han, J., He, G., and Wang, T. (2007).@Anthropogenic influence on water quality and the management of river systems.@Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19(4), 447–452@Yes$Mondal, R. and Chatterjee, P. (2024).@Impact of Tidal Fluctuations on the Water Quality of Tidal Rivers in West Bengal.@Applied Water Science, 14(2), 110-122.@Yes$Sarkar, S. (2026).@Climate Change Induced Temperature Variations and its effect on Dissolved Oxygen in Ganga Distributaries.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 198(4), 301-315.@Yes