@Research Paper <#LINE#>Geology and Petrography of Schlieren cum Nebulites from Bauchi, Northeastern Nigeria<#LINE#>Yahuza @I.,Haruna @A.I.,Isah @B. <#LINE#>1-16<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJES-2020-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria@Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria@Department of Geology, University of Jos, Nigeria<#LINE#>30/1/2020<#LINE#>17/3/2020<#LINE#>Bauchi area is part of sheet 149NE which falls within the Northern Basement Complex of Nigeria. In this study, the area was mapped on a scale of 1:25,000. Samples were collected at the flanks of the outcrops, railway cuts, road cuts as well as blasting sites within the area. At each sampling point, two or more samples were collected based on morphological variations. The first and second order morphological classifications of migmatites as being metatexite or diatexite such as banded orthogneiss, stromatic, schlieren or nebulite were used as the guiding principle. This technique was repeated for the rest of the sampling points in the area covering about fifteen (15) different locations. A total of 10 representative samples were studied petrographically. Together with the field mapping and morphological features, it was observed that the area has five different lithologic units, viz: metasediment (quartzite), schlieren (melanocraticdiatexite), nebulites(Bauchite, quartz-diorite and granulitic granite) in a sequence ofprograde metamorphism where CO2 (graphite) aids in supplying the temperature needed for the exceptional coarse grains features of the nebulites yet through rapid cooling.<#LINE#>Falconer, J. D., & Woods, H. (1911).@The geology and geography of northern Nigeria.@Macmillan and Company, limited.@Yes$Bain, A. D. N. (1926).@The geology of Bauchi town and surrounding district.@Geological Survey of Nigeria Bulletin, 9, 38-67.@Yes$Oyawoye, M. O. (1959).@The petrology of the older granites around Bauchi.@Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University).@Yes$Oyawoye, M. O. (1961).@On an occurrence of fayalite quartz-monzonite in the basement complex around Bauchi, Northern Nigeria.@Geological Magazine, 98(6), 473-482.@Yes$Oyawoye, M. O. (1965).@Bauchite: a new variety in the quartz monzonitic series.@Nature, 205(4972), 689-689.@Yes$Dada, O.A.; Ashanu, E. C. and Iyakwari, S. (2012).@On the Chemistry and Geothermobarometry ofAmphiboles of Charnockites from Bauchi and Saminaka,Northcentral Nigeria: Genetic Implications.@International Journal of Basic and Applied Chemical Sciences, 2(3), 38-47.@Yes$Haruna, I.V. (2016).@Lithology and Field Relationships of the Granitoids of Bauchi District, Northeastern Nigeria.@International Research Journal of Earth Sciences, 4(6), 31-40.@No$Yahuza, I.; Maigari, A. S. and Isah, B. (2018).@Geology and Groundwater Potentials of a Basement-Sedimentary Boundary of Masuri Area of Bauchi State, North-East Nigeria.@IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics, 6(6), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.9790/0990-060 6022332@No$Kings, B. C. and DeSwardt, A. M. J. (1949).@Geology of the Osi Area, Ilorin Province.@Bull. Geol Surv. Nigeria, No. 20.@No$Fyfe, W. S., Turner, F. J. and Verhoogen, J. (1958).@Metamorphic Reactions and Metamorphic Facies.@Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 73.@No$Soesoo, A. and Bond, D. P. (2014).@From Migmatites to Plutons: Power Law Relationships in the Evolution of Magmatic Bodies.@Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0995-4@Yes$Aga, T. and Isah, B. (2018).@The Geology and Petrography of the ArikyaTsauni Quartzite and Pegmatite Ridges, North-Central Nigeria.@Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal, 5(3), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.18280/ eesrj.050303@Yes$Sawyer, E. W. (2008).@Working with Migmatites.@Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series, 38.@No$Hasalova, P.; Janousek, V.; Schulmann, K.; Stipska, P. and Erban, V. (2008).@Origin of Migmatites by Deformation-enhanced Melt Infiltration of Orthogneiss: A New Model Based on Quantitative Microstructural Analysis.@J. Metamorphic Geol., 26, 29-53@Yes$Abdulraouf, R. (2014).@Petrgraphic Studies and Structural Analysis of the Migmatites around Gubi Area Part of Sheet 149 Bauchi NE (Unpublished Project).@Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi - Nigeria@No$Rosenberg, C.L. and Handy, M.R. (2005).@Experimental deformation of partially melted granite revisited: implications for the continental crust.@J. Metamorphic Geol., 23, 19-28@Yes$Daniel, E. H. (2012).@The Potential Role of Fluids during Regional Granulite-Facies Dehydration in the Lower Crust.@Geoscience Frontiers, 3(6), 813-827@Yes$Clemens, J. D. (ND).@Granulite-Granite Connexion.@Department des Sciences de la Terre Universite Blaise Pascal 5 rue Kessler 63038 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex: France@No @Short Communication <#LINE#>Application of Bhuvan platform in deciphering land use land cover (LULC) changes of recent time in Bikaner part of Thar Desert, India<#LINE#>Monali @Sen <#LINE#>17-19<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJES-2020-001.pdf<#LINE#>Indian Forest Service Officer on Special Duty, Forest cum Joint Secretary, Environment, Government of Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>15/1/2020<#LINE#>7/6/2020<#LINE#>Many studies have been done over Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change trend analysis in India, particularly in Thar Desert since long. But none has been done by coupling a forest and/or green cover angle to that of Bhuvan (Indian Geo Platform of Indian Space Research Organization). In this study the attempt has been made to analyse the LULC trend reflected in Bikaner part of Thar desert in recent decades by using data from Bhuvan.<#LINE#>Kayet. N and Pathak. K. (2015).@Remote Sensing and GIS Based Land use/Land cover Change Detection Mapping in Saranda Forest, Jharkhand, India.@International Research Journal of Earth Sciences, 30.@No$Daniel (2002).@A comparison of Landuse and Landcover Change Detection Methods.@ASPRS ACSM Annual Conference and FIG XXII Congress, 25-32.@Yes$Rimal Bhagawat (2011).@Application of Remote sensing and GIS, Land Use/Land Cover Change in Kathmandu Metropolitan City Nepal.@Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 23(2), 80-86.@Yes$Archana and Sandeep Kumar Kaushik (2013).@Land use / Land cover mapping of IGNP Command area in Bikaner District of Rajasthan.@Int. J. of Engineering Science and Research Technology, 2(2), 209.@No$Bhuvan Portal (2020).@ISRO.@http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/ bhuvan_links.php@No$Vijaya Kumar L., J. K. Kishore, P. Kesava Rao, M Annadurai, C.B.S. Dutt, K. Hanumantha Rao, S. K. Sasamal, et al. (2014).@Oil spill map for Indian sea region based on Bhuvan- Geographic Information System using satellite images.@The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-8.@No$Google Earth (2020). www.google.com and Google Earth@undefined@undefined@No @Review Paper <#LINE#>Geological Investigation of 5.6 MW Mirpur Earthquake, Northwestern Himalayas, Pakistan<#LINE#>Syed Ahsan Hussain @Gardezi,Gulfam @Hussain,Bhupati @Neupane,Muhammad @Imran,Qazi Yasar @Hamid,Nawaz @Ikram,Nadeem Ahmad @Usmani,Hussain @Asghar <#LINE#>20-31<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJES-2020-010.pdf<#LINE#>Geological Survey of Pakistan, Pakistan@University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China and Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China@University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China and Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China@Geological Survey of Pakistan, Pakistan@Geological Survey of Pakistan, Pakistan@Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu &Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan@Geological Survey of Pakistan, Pakistan and Uuniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China@Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu &Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan<#LINE#>11/9/2020<#LINE#>30/11/2020<#LINE#>A devastating earthquake of 5.6 Mw occurred in the Kashmir Himalayas at the axis of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis on September 24, 2019 caused massive destruction. The tremors were felt in a radius of ~100km with damage taking place in area of 700km2 including life losses. The epicenter was located near Mirpur, Kashmir at a depth of 10km, whereas a peak ground acceleration in the range of 0.35g within limits of <0.0017 to>1.24g. The earthquake affected area lies at the fold axis of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, which is major structural antiform involved in different orogenic episodes and tectonic phases since Precambrian. The Mirpur Earthquake is resultant of an onward collision between Indian and Eurasian plates on a main thrust fault (i.e., Samwal Fault) in the epicentral region. The seismogenic Samwal Fault is extending as WNW-ESE exposed near Samwal Village with a surface rupture and sporadic slope failures appearing at various places. The fault plane is dipping SW at the eastern end and NE at western side. This study applying the remote sensing techniques which used to analyze the causative fault by using Landsat Imagery and Digital Elevation Model in correlation with the fieldwork observations. The Samwal Fault was delineated, based on morphological peculiarities and straightness on the satellite imagery, which marked a major topographic front in the study area. The main characteristics associated with 2019 Mirpur Earthquake is the liquefaction induced lateral spreading along the Upper Jhelum Canal, which caused an extensive damage to infrastructures. The other damages were mainly occurred along the main fault line, which caused human fatalities due to the damaging of infrastructures. The factors responsible for the damages are foundation failure, lack of structural integrity and inappropriate construction material.<#LINE#>Hanif, M. (2019).@Earthquake press release on Mirpur Earthquake.@Pakistan Metrological Department, Islamabad, 1, 2.@No$Salman, M. (2019).@Situation Report on Mirpur Earthquake.@National Disaster Management Authority, Islamabad, 1-5. SR No. 17@No$Seeber, L., and Armbruster, J. (1979).@Seismicity of the Hazaraarcinnorthern Pakistan: decollement versus basement faulting.@Geodynamics of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, 131-142.@Yes$Kazmi, A.H., & Jan, M.Q. (1997).@Geology and tectonics of Pakistan.@Graphic Publishers, 1-554. ISBN: 9698375007@Yes$Monalisa, M., Jan, Q., and Khwaja, A. A. (2009).@A preliminary seismotectonic zonation map of the NW-Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt.@Pakistan, for the period 1904-2006.@Yes$Hussain, S. A., Han, F.Q., Han, W., Rodriguez, A., Han, J.L., Han, J.,Nian, X. Q., Yi, L., Ma, Z., & Widory, D. (2019).@Climate Change Impact on the Evolution of the Saline Lakes of the Soan-Sakaser Valley (Central Salt Range; Pakistan): Evidences from Hydrochemistry and Water (δD, δ18O) and Chlorine (δ37Cl) Stable Isotopes.@Water, 11(5), 912. https://doi.10.3390/w11050912@Yes$Hussain, G., Fang, X., Usmani, N.A., Gardezi, S.A.H., Hussain, M., Asghar, H., Paryal, M., & Khalid, S. (2020).@Structural and stratigraphic studies of Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan.@North American Academic Research, 3(9) 1-14. https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.4015633@No$Rajendran, K., Parameswaran, R. M., & Rajendran, C. P. (2017).@Seismotectonic perspectives on the Himalayan arc and contiguous areas: Inferences from past and recent earthquakes.@Earth-Science Reviews, 173, 1-30. https://doi.10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.08.003@Yes$Najman, Y., Pringle, M., Godin, L., & Oliver, G. (2002).@A reinterpretation of the Balakot Formation: Implications for the tectonics of the NW Himalaya, Pakistan.@Tectonics, 21(5),1045. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC001337@Yes$Aydan, O. (2006).@Geological and Seismological Aspects of Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005 and a Geotechnical Evaluation of Induced Failures of Natural and Cut Slopes.@Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 4(1), 25-44.@Yes$Dasgupta, S.,Narlua, P.L., Acharyya, S.K., & Banerjee. J. (Eds.), (2000).@Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its environs.@Geological Survey of India, 87.@Yes$Neupane B., Ju Y., Tan F., Baral U., & Ulak P.D. (2017).@Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau-the Nepal Himalaya and the provenance of their foreland basins.@Geological Journal, 52(4), 646-666.@Yes$Gansser, A. (1964).@Geology of the Himalayas.@Interscience Publishers London, pp 1-289. ISBN: 978-0470 290552@Yes$LeFort, P. (1975).@Himalaya: the collided range, present knowledge of the continental arc.@American Journal of Science, 275(A), 1-44.@Yes$Molnar, P., & Tapponnier, P. (1975).@Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision.@Science, 189(4201), 419-426.@Yes$Davis, D.M. & Lillie, R.J. (1994).@Changing mechanical response duringcontinental collision: active examples from the foreland thrust belts of Pakistan.@Journal of Structural Geology, 16(1), 21-34.@Yes$Fraser, J.E., Searle, M.P., Parrish, R.R. & Noble, S.R. (2001).@Chronology of deformation, metamorphism and magmatism in the southern Karakorum Mountains.@Geological Society of America, 113, 1443-1455@Yes$Ali, A., Faisal, S., Rehman, K., Khan, S., & Ullah, N. (2015).@Tectonic imprints of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis on the Northwest Himalayan fold and thrust belt, North Pakistan.@Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(11), 9857-9876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-1874-8@Yes$Bossart P., Dietrich D., Greco A., Ottiger R., & Ramsay J.G. (1988).@The tectonic structure of the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis southern Himalayas, Pakistan.@Tectonics, 7, 273-297.@Yes$Baig, M.S. & Lawrence, R.D. (1987).@Precambrian to Early Paleozoic orogenesis in the Himalaya.@Kashmir Journal of Geology, 5, 1-22.@Yes$Hussain, A. (2005).@Geology and tectonics of northern Pakistan with respect to October 8, 2005, earthquake.@Earthquake Rehabilitation Conference, Seismology, Structures and Codes, Islamabad, Pakistan, 8th-9th Nov. pp 20-25.@No$Kazmi, A.H., & Rana, R.A. (1986).@Tectonic Map of Pakistan, 1:1,000,000.@Geological Survey of Pakistan Quetta, Pakistan.@No$Kumar, P., Yuan, X., Kumar, M.R., Kind, R., Li, X., & Chadha, R.K. (2007).@The rapid drift of the Indian tectonic plate.@Nature, 449, 894-897. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature 06214@Yes$Arif, M., Hussain, S.H., Khan, R., & Hussain, A. (2000).@Geological Survey of Pakistan Publication.@Geological Map Series, 6(29).@No$Akhter, M., Bajwa, M.S., & Hussain, A. (2000).@Geological Survey of Pakistan Publication.@Geological Map Series, 6(28).@No$U.S. Geological Survey & NASA, U.S. Government (2019).@Landsat 8 OLI.@LC81500372013089 LGN02. https://glovis.usgs.gov/scene/view/landsat_8_c1/LC81500372013089LGN02. (05/10/2019).@No$U.S. Geological Survey & NASA, U.S. Government (2019).@Digital Elevation Model.@SRTM1N33E073V3. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/scene/metadata/full/5e83a3ee1af480c5/SRTM1N33E073V3. (05/10/2019).@No <#LINE#>A geotechnical study on properties and uses of Shales of the Dharwar system, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Udayashankar D. @Hakariq <#LINE#>32-37<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJES-2020-011.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, S.D.M. College of Engineering and Technology, (An autonomous institute under Visveswaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka) Dharwad -580 002 (Karnataka), India<#LINE#>25/5/2020<#LINE#>2/12/2020<#LINE#>The Dharwar system of rocks in Karnataka comprises of shales which are basically sedimentary rocks having high content of clay and silt. They generally exhibit laminated structure and possess low strength, low permeability and high water sensitivity. Apart from several uses, the shales are considered to be prominent source of oil and natural gas including their use as seals in the petroleum traps and reservoirs. In the present paper, it is attempted to present the properties and uses of shales of the Dharwar system which is 4-1 billion years old and has special distinction of being the first and oldest metamorphosised sedimentary rock system in India. Due to its unpredictable behaviour, shales are found to be difficult rocks to classify, sample and obtain reliable test results for their use in engineering works. The origin, distribution, classification, properties and the possible uses of shales of Dharwar system are briefly discussed and their engineering evaluation for construction also has been presented.<#LINE#>Farrokhrouz M. and Asef. M.R. (2013).@Shale Engineering: Mechanics and Mechanisms.@CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Florida, USA.@Yes$Boggs S. (2009).@Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.@Cambridge University Press. UK.@Yes$Porter, P.E., Mynard, T.B. and Pryor, W.A. (1980).@Sedimentology of Shale, Springer-Verlag.@New York, USA.@Yes$Boggs, S.J. (1995).@Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy.@Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.@Yes$Pettijohn, F.J. (2001).@Sedimentary Rocks.@Harper and Row Publishers, New York, USA.@Yes$Reineck, H.E. and Singh, I.B. (1980).@Depositional Sedimentary Environments.@Springer- Verlag, New York.@No$Krumbein, W.C. and Sloss, L, C. (1998).@Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, W.H. Freeman and Company.@San Francisco, USA.@No$Wadia, D.N., (1989).@Geology of India.@Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.@No$Naha K., Srinivasan R., GopalanK., Pantulu G., Subbarao M.V., Vrevsky A. and Bogomolov Y. (1993).@The nature of the basement in the Archaean Dharwar craton of southern India and the age of the Peninsular Gneiss.@Earth Planet Science, Indian Academy of Science, 102(4), 547-565.@Yes$Josh M., Lionel E., Claudio D. and Jole S. (2012).@Laboratory characterisation of shale properties.@Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 6, 107-124.@Yes$Sondergeld C., Newsham K., Comisky J. and Rice M. (2010).@Petrophysical Considerations in Evaluating and Producing Shale Gas Resources.@Unconventional Gas Conference, Pittsburg Pennsylvania, USA, 23-25.@Yes$Horsrud P. (2001).@Estimating Mechanical Properties of Shale from Empirical Correlations.@Journal of Drilling & Completion, 16(2), 68-73.@Yes$Waltham, A.C. (1994).@Foundations of Engineering Geology.@Blackie Academic and Professionals, London, UK.@Yes