@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Reserve estimation of limestone deposit in Obiaja area, Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria using integrated approach<#LINE#> E.K.@Anakwuba,F.@Oyubu,A.I.@Chinwuko <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJES-2017-009.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria@Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria@Department of Geological Sciences, Federal University Gusau, Nigeria<#LINE#>6/5/2017<#LINE#>10/8/2017<#LINE#>A combination of electrical resistivity survey and borehole data has been employed in reserve estimation of limestone within Obiaja area of southern Benue Trough. The area is bounded by Latitudes 427500mE – 431500mE and Longitudes 567000mN - 571000mN with an area extent of 0.32km2. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was used to delineate the thickness and depth to the top of the limestone, while geochemical analysis was used to estimate the grade of limestone deposit within the study area. Grid pattern was used within the area of the limestone mineralization for obtaining the data. Interpretation of the VES data was done using conventional manual curve matching and computer iteration techniques using IPI2win program. The result of vertical electrical soundings (VES) was correlated with borehole data within the study area. The result of VES shows four-five geoelectric layers consisting of clays with sands, shale, limestone, shaley sandstone and sandstone. Electrical resistivity of the limestone horizon ranges between 35 and 253 &#8486;m suggesting a highly porous formation. The depth to the top of limestone and the thickness of limestone ranges from 1.00m to 16.20m and 6.94m to 17.40m respectively. The geochemical analysis gave the average specific gravity of limestone to be 2.62 with very high percentage concentration of CaO ranging from 44.07% to 55.02%, indicating a good quality limestone deposit. The dimensions of the deposit suggest conservative limestone tonnage of 5,664,440 metric tonnes; whereas the volume of overburden is estimated to be approximately 1,570,000 cubic meters with stripping ratio of 0.73:1.<#LINE#>Fatoye F.B. and Gideon Y.B. (2013).@Geology and occurrences of limestone and marble in Nigeria.@Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 3, 11. www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online).@Yes$Reijers T.J.A. and Nwajide C.S. (1998).@Geology of the Southern Anambra Basin.@Unpublished Report for Chevron Nigerian Limited. Field Course Note 66.@No$Okeke P.O. (2002).@Supply of coal for power generation and comparative price analysis of coal: Information supplied to the Honourable Minister of Science and Technology.@@No$Reijers T.J.A. and Petters S.W. (1987).@Depositional environment and diagenesis of Albian carbonates in Calabar Flank, Southeastern Nigeria.@Journal of Petroleum Geology, 10(3), 283-294. DOI: 10.1111/j.1747- 5457.1987.tb00947.x@Yes$Reijers T.J.A. and Petters S.W. (1997).@Sequence stratigraphy based on microfacies analysis: Mfamosing Limestone, Calabar Flank, Nigeria.@Geologie en Mijnbouw, 76(3), 197-215. DOI: 10.1023/A:1003089529914@Yes$Chidomerem T.E. (2004).@Geophysical investigation of the Odukpani Limestone deposit using the vertical electrical sounding technique, southeastern Nigeria.@M.Sc. Thesis. University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.@No$Adeleye D.R. and Fayose E.A. (1978).@Stratigraphy of the type section of Awi Formation, Odukpani Area, South-Eastern Nigeria.@Nigeria Journal of Mining Geology, 15(1), 33-37.@Yes$Ekwere S.J., Esu E.O., Okereke C.S. and Akpan E.B. (1994).@Evaluation of limestones in Obotme Area, (Southeastern Nigeria) for Portland cement manufacture.@Nigeria Journal of Mining Geology, 30, 145-150.@Yes$Reynolds J.M. (1997).@An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics.@John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex POl9 IUD, England ISBN 0-471-96802-1.@No$Loke M.H. (2001).@Electrical imaging surveys for environmental and engineering studies: a practical guide to 2D and 3D surveys.@62. Available at http://www.geoelectrical.com@Yes$Ayolabi E.A., Folorunso A.F., Eleyinmi A.F. and Anuayah E.O. (2009).@Applications of 1D and 2D electrical resistivity methods to map aquifers in a complex geologic terrain of Foursquare Camp, Ajebo, Southwestern Nigeria.@Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 10(2), 657-666.@Yes$Oldenburg D.W. and Li Y. (1999).@Estimating depth of investigation in DC resistivity and IP surveys.@Geophysics, 64(2), 403-416.@Yes$Petters S.W. (1982).@Central West African Cretaceous-Tertiary benthic foraminifera and stratigraphy.@Paleontographica, 179(1-3), 1-104.@Yes$Petters S.W., Nyong E.E., Akpan E.B. and Essien N.U. (1995).@Lithostratigraphic revision for the Calabar Flank, Southeastern Nigeria.@Proceedings of the 31st Annivesary conference of Nigeria Mining and Geosciences Society, Calabar.@Yes$Reyment R.A. (1964).@Review of Nigerian Cretaceous and Cenozoic Stratigraphy.@Nig. J. Min. Geol., 2, 61-80.@Yes$Essien N.U. and Ufot D.O. (2010).@Age of the Mfamosing Limestone, Calabar Flank, Southeastern, Nigeria.@International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, IJBAS-IJENS, 10(5), 8-19.@Yes
<#LINE#>Water table regime in parts of Obio-Akpor local Government area of Rivers State, Nigeria<#LINE#>G.I.@Alaminiokuma ,W.N.@Ofuyah <#LINE#>9-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJES-2017-012.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun P.M.B.1221, Warri, Nigeria@Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun P.M.B.1221, Warri, Nigeria<#LINE#>2/6/2017<#LINE#>8/8/2017<#LINE#>This research was conducted within Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers state to determine its groundwater potential due to the increasing demand for potable water arising from steep population growth. To enhance supply, in view of its urgency, the overburden thickness and water table distribution were determined in the area using the electrical resistivity method. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique, Schlumberger configuration and ABEM Terrameter SAS 300 with good sensitivity were employed to investigate the overburden thickness and layer resistivities. A total of ten (10) VES stations were randomly sampled within the study area. The current electrodes separation ranged from 200 to 700m permitting a depth probe of about 230m. The measured field data were plotted on a log-log paper to obtain the initial parameters which were uploaded into Schlumberger software for interpretation. The results offer valuable information on the variation in thickness and resistivities of the layers penetrated and equally indicate the groundwater potential of the area of study. Overburden thickness was found to range from 3.0 to 79.2m. The results of the VES data interpretation and water table measurements in the surrounding hand-dug wells consistently show that the North-western part of the area has higher depth values than the North-eastern part. This study reveals that the area is prolific for sustainable water resources supply and management. Besides, it shows that exploring for water within the North-eastern part will be cheaper than other parts of the prospect due to the shallow water table.<#LINE#>Emenike E.A. (2001).@Geophysical Exploration for Groundwater in Sedimentary Environment:  A case study.@Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(1), 97-102.@Yes$Ekine A.S. and Osobonye G.T. (1996).@Surface geoelectric sounding for the determination of aquifer characteristics in parts of Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria.@Journ. Of  Phys, 85, 93-97.@Yes$Weber K.J. and Dakorou E.M. (1975).@Petroleum Geological aspect of the Niger Delta.@Journal of mining and Geology, 12, 9-12.@No$Tuttle M., Charpentier R. and Brownfield M. (2015).@The Niger Delta Petroleum System: Niger Delta Province, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea, Africa.@United States Geologic Survey. United States Geologic Survey.@No$Weber K.J. (1987).@Hydrocarbon distribution patterns in Nigeria Growth fault structure controlled by structural style and stratigraphy.@Journal of Petroleum Sciences and Engineering, 1(2), 91-104.@Yes$Avbovbo A.A. (1978).@Tertiary lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta. American Association of Association of Petroleum.@Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 96-200.@Yes$Etu-Efeotor J.O. and Odigi M.I. (1983).@Water Supply Problems in the Eastern Niger Delta.@J. Mining Geol., 20 (1,2), 183-193.@Yes$Eludoyin O.S., Wokocha C.C. and Ayolagha G. (2011).@GIS Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Obio-Akpor LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria.@Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3(4), 307-313. Maxwellsci.com. Retrieved 16 August 2016. http://maxwellsci.com/print/rjees/v3-307-313.pdf@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Appraisal of incrustation and corrosive properties of groundwater in industrial belt of Bonai Area, Odisha, India<#LINE#>Sahu@P.C.  <#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJES-2017-013.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology, M.P.C. Autonomous College, Baripada, Orissa, India<#LINE#>6/6/2017<#LINE#>9/8/2017<#LINE#>The present paper aims at assessing the incrustation and corrosive properties of ground water for industrial uses in mining belts of Bonai area. The quality requirement for water used in the mining industry is highly variable, depending on the stage at which it is required i.e. whether during mining, flotation, leaching, smelting or refining operations or for water supply to industrial township. Many mining and mineral based industries are located in the study area. The study indicates that on the basis of criteria such as pH, EC, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- and Fe2+ etc. 76.27% of water have corrosive properties and 21.43% of water have incrusting property. On the basis of Langelier Index 85.59% of ground water is generally corrosive. Only 10.17% of water have incrusting property and 4.24% of waters are neither corrosive nor incrusting. The water will have adverse effects on mine machinery, Iron pipes, casing pipes of tube well etc. Hence, the following remedial measures are to be taken to control or prevent the incrustation and corrosion. Treatment of incrusting materials with HCl, Chlorine and dispersing agents like Sodium hexa-metaphosphate Na(PO3)6. Use of corrosion resistant materials like brass, stainless steel, PVC material and epoxy-banded fiber glass and application of protective coating to metal parts.<#LINE#>Mogg Joe L. (1972).@Practical corrosion and Incrustation Guidelines for water wells.@Ground water, 10(2), 6-11.@Yes$Gabas Garcia S., lastoria G. and Guilherme Henrique C. (2015).@Hydrochemistry Applied to Water Supply System : A case study from a Brazilian Urban area.@Engineering Geology for society and Territory, Springer, Cham. 5, 1365-1368.@Yes$Haritosh A.K, Kaushik C.P., Kaushik A. and Yadav A.K. (2008).@Suitability Assessment of groundwater for drinking, irrigation and Industrial use in some north India villages.@Environ. Monit Assess, 145, 397-406.@Yes$Chen S. and Gui H. (2016).@Quality Assessment and Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Ground water from coal bearing aquifer in Sunan Coal Mine, Anhui Province, China.@Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 15(4), 1341-1346.@Yes$Raghunath H.M. (1987).@Groundwater.@Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi, 1-504. ISBN:81-224-1904-6.@No$Karanth K.R. (1987).@Ground Water Assessment development and management.@Tata McGrow Hill, New Delhi, 1-720. ISBN-13:978-0-0-07-451712-3.@Yes$Water Environmental Federation and American Public Health Association (2005).@Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water.@21st Edn, American Public Health Association, Washington, 1-467.@Yes$Houben Georg J. and Weihe Ulrich (2010).@Spatial distribution of Incrustations around a water well after 38 years of use.@Ground water, 48, 53-58.@Yes$Aghazadeh N., Chitsazan M. and Golestan Y. (2016).@Hydrochemistry and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in the Ardabil area, Iran.@Applied Water Science, doi : 10.1007 / S13201–016–0498-9, 1-18.@Yes$Hau W., Jie C., Hui Q. and Xuedi Z. (2015).@Chemical characteristics and Quality Assessment of Ground watter of exploited quibers in Beijiao water source of Yinchuan, China : A case study for Drinking, Irrigation and Industrial purposes.@Jou. Chem., 1-14.@No$Rao Subba N., Vidyasagar, G., Bhanumurthy P. and Rao Surya P. (2017).@Chemistry and Quality of Ground water in a coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India.@Appl. Water sc, 7(1), 285-294.@Yes$Marghade Deepali, Malpe D.B. and Zade A.B. (2011).@Geochemical characterization of Groundwater from Northern part of Nagpur Urban, Central India.@Environmental Earth Science, 62, 1419-1430.@Yes$Drever J.I. (1998).@The Geochemistry of natural waters.@New York : Prentice Hall, 1- 379.@No$Rao Nageswara P.V., Rao Appa S. and Rao Subha N. (2015).@Suitability of Groundwater quality for drinking, irrigation and Industrial purposes in the Western Delta Region of the River Godavari, Andhra Pradesh.@Gol. Soc. India, 86(2), 181-190.@Yes$Naqvi S.M. and Rogers J.W. (1987).@Pre-Cambrian Geology of India. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics.@Oxford University Press Inc., 1-233.@Yes$Prasanth R.S., Remya J. and Kumar Binoj B. (2015).@Appraisal of Groundwater Quality Around two International Tourism Destinations, Kovalam and Vizhinjam, Tiruvantapuram, Kerala India.@Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 14(2), 307-312.@Yes$Raj D. and Kumar Binoj R.B. (2015).@Judgement of Ground water quality around Trivendrum Civil Station, Kerala, India: AGIS Based Approach.@Nature Environmentt and Pollution Technology, 14(1), 157-160.@Yes$Sahu P.C. (2017).@Ground water Resource conservation and Augmentation in Hardwork Terrain: An Integrated Geological and Geospatial Approach.@Int. Jour. Conser. Sc., 8(1), 145-156.@Yes