@Research Paper <#LINE#>Spatial Variations of the Flood and Drought in the Northern Region of Sri Lanka<#LINE#>N.@Piratheeparajah,S.@Raveendran<#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJES-2014-018.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geography, University of Jaffna, SRILANKA<#LINE#>2/7/2014<#LINE#>15/7/2014<#LINE#>There are no any systematic orders in the occurrences of drought and flood hazards in Sri Lanka. Some areas have higher number of disaster occurrences and some other areas have lower numbers. In this situation this study focused the spatial variations of the drought and flood hazards in the Northern Region of Sri Lanka. Objective of the study is to identify the spatial patterns of drought and flood hazards in the study area. Monthly, seasonal and annual climatic data for the stations Akkarayankulam, Ambalapperumalkulam, Iranaimadu, Kanukkerny, Karukkaikulam, Murunkan, Muththaiyankaddu, Nainathivu, Pallavarayankaddu, Pavatkulam, Thirunelveli, Vavunikkulam, and Vavuniya, were collected for the period from 1972 to 2012. Primary data for this study were collected using interviews and discussions and direct observations. Also varius sources of secondary data were used to carry out this study. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) has been adopted to study the drought and flood hazards in every station for the period from 1972 to 2012. Krigging method of Arc GIS 9.2 version was used to identify the spatial variations of the drought and flood hazards. During the South West Monsoon Season (SWMS) 03 severe drought in Vavunikkulam station and 09 in Akkarayankulam, 08 in Murungan, and 08 in Pavatkulam were identified. During the First Inter Monsoon Season (FIMS), extreme floods were experienced in several areas. Three in Iranaimadu, 03 in Thirunelveli, 03 in Pallavarayankaddu and 03 in Nainathivu station were identified in the Northern region using SPI method. During the Second Inter Monsoon Season (SIMS), 02 extreme floods in Thirunelveli, 02 in Vavuniya, and 03 in Murungan, and 02 in Akkarayankulam station and 07 severe droughts in Nainathivu and 05 in Vavuniya were also identified. During the North East Monsoon Season(NEMS), 03 extreme floods in Akkarayankulam, 03 in Ambalapperumalkulam and 03 severe floods, 03 extreme floods in Pallavaraykaddu, 03 severe floods in Muththaiyankaddu, 04 severe floods in Vavunikkulam station and 03 severe floods in Vavuniya were identified in the Northern region of Sri Lanka. Spatially some areas have been affected many times by flood and drought in the Northern Region of Sri Lanka. Comparatively, Eastern Parts of the study have more flood hazards and more number of droughts has occurred in the Western part of the study. Also 70% of the people expressed above thing. 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(2005) @No $ @ @ Reports of the Department of Meteorology 1972-2012, Department of Meteorology, Colombo, Sri Lanka, (2012) @No @Research Article <#LINE#>2D Numerical Modelling for Understanding Crustal Deformations at Convergent Plate Margins<#LINE#>Dilip Kumar@Pasupuleti Venkata,Pradeep Kumar@Ramancharla<#LINE#>11-21<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJES-2014-017.pdf<#LINE#>Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, INDIA <#LINE#>21/6/2014<#LINE#>10/7/2014<#LINE#>Continental subduction and collision normally follows oceanic subduction leading to enormous crustal deformations. For understanding this mechanism oftectonic plates in collision area, which may propagate into the subduction-collision transition zone is of great interest. At the locations of high-pressure metamorphism, some places form huge crustal deformations like between Indian-Eurasian plates, and subduction at other places like Indian-Burmese plates. In either of the casesdeformation is a continuous, dynamic process. To understand the process, a study has been carried out using two dimensional finite element modeling. With the current availability of computing technology, advanced numerical techniques and material models it would be an easy task to know the parameters effecting the transition from collision to subduction process between different tectonic plates. In this paper, simpleinclined models are used to study subduction-collision transition zone. Elastic material rheology is considered for all the tectonic plates and contact analysis is used for the tectonic plate interfaces for the implementation of weak zones. Parameters consideredfor this study are geometry of plates, friction at the interface and length of the plates. 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