@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Interpretation of Aeromanetic Data of Kam, Using Semi-Automated Techniques<#LINE#>L.A.@Sunmonu,O.A.@Alagbe<#LINE#>1-18<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJES-2013-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, NIGERIA @ Department of Physical Sciences, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, NIGERIA <#LINE#>4/11/2013<#LINE#>8/1/2014<#LINE#>The Benue basin is a major geological formation underlying a large part of Nigeria, and also a part of the broader Central African rift system. The Upper Benue basin being part of Benue basin is believed to be rift valley and is expected to be a major depositional basin, because rifting structures are often good sites for mineralization. The strategic economic importance and the availability of data from the study area arose the interest of many researchers including this present work to focus their attention on the area in search of geological features that are favourable to mineral deposition in the basin. In this work, the interpretation of the data extracted from the aeromagnetic map of Kam, an area in the upper Benue basin which covers from latitude 0800’ to 0830’ N and longitude 1100’ to 1130’ E was carried out using a semi- automated techniques involving the analytic signal technique to delineate linear geologic structures such as faults, contacts, joints and fractures within the study area in a bid to unravel the gross subsurface geology of the area which would in no doubt help in better understanding and characterization of the area investigated. The residual magnetic field data was subjected to a filtering technique, the analytic signal which was employed to study source parameters which include location, depth and susceptibility contrast of the identified magnetic anomalies in the basement rocks. The results obtained from both profiling curves and depth contour map showed that the study area is magnetically heterogeneous and the basement is segmented by faults. Based on the results obtained from both profiling curves and depth contour map, it was revealed that the study area is divided into three basinal structures; deep sources ranging between 5km and 8.5km and the area is recommended  for further investigation especially for its geothermal energy potentials.  The intermediate depths between 2km to 4.5km correspond generally to the top of intrusive masses occurring within the basement, a depth deep enough for possible hydrocarbon deposit. Shallow depths between 0.01km and 2.5km are attributed to shallow intrusive bodies or near-surface basement rocks probably isolated bodies of ironstones formation concealed within the sedimentary pile. <#LINE#> @ @ Sunmonu L.A. and Alagbe O.A., Groundmagnetic Study to Locate Burried Faults (A Case study of Abandoned Local Government Secretariat in Ogbomoso), Int. J. of Physics, 3(1), 70-75 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kasidi S. and Ndatuwong L.G., Spectral Analysis of Aeromagnetic data over Longuda plateau and Environs, North-Eastern Nigeria Continental, J. Earth sciences, (3), 28–32 (2008) @No $ @ @ Onuba L.N., Onwuemesi A.G., Anudu G.K., Chiaghanam O.I. and Ifelunni C.D., Interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies over Upper Benue trough, Northeastern, Nigeria, Natural and Appl. Sci. J., 9(1), (2008) @No $ @ @ Cratchley C.R., Lonis P. and Ajakaiye D.E., Geophysical and geological evidence for the Benue-chad basin  Cretaceous rift valley system and its Tectonic Implications, J. of African Earth Sci., 2(2), 141– 150 (1984) @No $ @ @ Nwogbo P.O., Ojo S.B. and Osazuwa I.B., Spectral Analysis and Interpretation of Aeromagnetic data over the Upper  Benue Trough of Nigeria, Nigeria J. of Physics, 3, 128–141 (1991) @No $ @ @ Carter J.D., Barber W., Tait E.A. and Jones G.P., The Geology of parts of Adamawa, Bauch and Bornu Provinces in North-eastern Nigeria, Bull. Geol. Surv. Nigeria, 30 (1963) @No $ @ @ Ajakaiye D.E., Hall D.H. and Miller T.W., Interpretation of aeromagnetic data across central crystalline shield of Nigeria, Geophysical j. of the Royal Astronomical Society of Nigeria, 83, 503-517 (1985) @No $ @ @ Wright J.B., Origins of the Benue trough; a critical review, In Kogbe, C.A. (Editor), Geology of Nigeria, Elizabethan publ. co., 309-318 (1976) @No $ @ @ Burke K., Dessauivagie and Whiteman, Al: Geological history of the Benue Valley and Adjacent areas: In T.F.J. Dessauvagie and AJ. Whiteman (eds). African Geology; University of Ibadan Press, Nigeria, 187–205(1970) @No $ @ @ Ajakaiye D.E., Hall H.D., Millar T.W., Verheijen P.J.T., Awad M.B., and Ojo S.B., Aeromagnetic anomaly and tectonic trends in and around the Benue trough, Nigeria, Nature (Physical Sci.), 319 (6054): 582-584 (1986) @No $ @ @ Nabighian M.N., The analytic signal of two-dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-sections: Its properties and use for automated anomaly interpretation Geophy., 37, 507-517 (1972) @No $ @ @ Nabighian M.N., Towards a three dimensional automatic interpretation of potential field data via generalized Hilbert transform Fundamental relations, Geoph, 47, 780-786(1984) @No $ @ @ Roest W.R., Verhoef J. and Pilkington: Magnetic interpretation using the 3D analytic signal, Geoph., 57, 116-125 (1992) @No $ @ @ Jeffrey D. Phillips: Locating magnetic contacts: a comparison of the horizontal gradient, analytic signal, and local wavenumber methods: Society of Exploration Geophyscist, Abstract with programs, Calagry, 50-70 (2000) @No $ @ @ Osazuwa I.B., Ajakaye D.E. and Verhemen P.J., Analysis of the structure of part of the Upper Benue rift valley on the basis of new geophysical data, Earth Evolution Sci., 2,126-135 (2000) @No $ @ @ Macleod I.N., Jones K. and Dai T.F., 3-D analytic signal in the Interpretation of total magnetic field data at low magnetic latitudes, Exploration Geoph, 24, 679–687 (1993) @No $ @ @ Olusola O.O., Depth estimation from the Aeromagnetic data of Wuyo, using Matched filtering and Log power  spectrum: An unpublished undergraduate thesis, Department of Physics University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria (2010) @No $ @ @ Folami, S.L. : Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Anomalies in Iwaraja Area, southwestern Nigeria, J. of Mining and Geol., 28(2)  391 – 396 (1992) @No $ @ @ Nur A., ofoegbu C.O. and Onduha K.M., Estimation of the depth to the Curie point Isotherm in the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria, Nigeria J. of Mining and Geol., 1(35)  53 – 60 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sunmonu L.A., and Adabanija M.A., 2-Dimensional Spectra Analysis of Magnetic Anomalies of Southeastern part of Middle-Niger Basin, Central Nigeria, Nigeria J. of Physics, (12), 39–43 (2000) @No $ @ @ Onyedim G.C., Ariyibi E.A., Awoyemi M.O., Arubayi J.B. and Afolabi O.M., Source Parameter Imaging from aeromagnetic data of the basement rocks in parts of Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria, J. of Mining and Geol., 2(2) 165–173 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Preliminary study on Tectonic strain pattern of Granites around Palayamkottai of Tirunelveli district, South India<#LINE#>J.@Besheliya,G.@Manimaran<#LINE#>19-29<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJES-2013-020.pdf<#LINE#> School of Tectonics, Department of Geology, V.O.Chidambaram College, Tuticorin-628008, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>13/11/2013<#LINE#>2nd/1/2014<#LINE#>Fry analysis is used to delineate the tectonic finite starin pattern recorded in the granites of Palayamkottai region of Tirunelveli district. From the oriented samples of 10 locations around Palayamkottai, a complex finite strain pattern of constriction-plane and flattening strains from the granites have been estimated. Subhorizontal and subvertical lineations are recorded from granite exposures in the field. The above features suggest that the granites were emplaced during a transpressive tectonic Achankovil shearing of Pan-African time. <#LINE#> @ @ Cloos E., Oolite deformation in the South Mountain fold, Maryland, Geol Soc Am Bull, 58, 843 – 918 (1947) @No $ @ @ Ramsay J.G., Folding and Fracturing of Rocks, McGraw – Hill, New York, 568 (1967) @No $ @ @ Dunnet D., A technique of finite Strain analysis using elliptical particles, Tectonophysics, 7, 117 – 136 (1969) @No $ @ @ Fry N., Random point distribution and strain measurement in rocks, Tectonophysics, 60, 89- 105 (1979) @No $ @ @ Ramsay J.G. and Huber M.I., The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, 1, Strain analysis, Academic Press, London (1983) @No $ @ @ Manimaran G., Deepak Bagai and Roy Chacko P.T., Chrysoberyl from southern TamilNadu of South India, with implication for Gondwana studies, In: Mineral Exploration, Recent strategies, Eds Rajendran S. et al., NIPA, New Delhi 63-76 (2007) @No $ @ @ Manimaran D. and Manimaran G., Tectonic studies around Vallanadu area, Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu, Outreach, 5, 117 – 122 (2012) @No $ @ @ Manimaran G., Roy Chacko P.T., Manimaran D., Selvam S., Antony Ravindran A., Besheliya J. and Sugan M., Shear lineament Analysis of Ambasamudram-Tenkasi Transect of Achankovil-Tambraparni shear zone, South India, IRJ Earth sciences, 1 (3), 1-10 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hudleston P.J., Schultz Ela D. and Southwick D.I., Transpression in an Archaean greenstone belt, Northern Minnesota, Can., Jour Earth Sci, 25, 1060-1068 (1988) @No $ @ @ Guru Rajesh K. and Chetty T.R.K., Structure and tectonics of the Achankovil Shear Zone, Southern India, Gondwana research, 10, 86- 98 (2006) @No $ @ @ Braun I., Pan-African granitic magmatism in the kerala Khondalite belt, Southern India J Asian earth sci, 28, 38-45 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharyya P. and Hudleston P., Strain in ductile shear zones in the Caledonites of Sweden: a three- dimentional puzzle, Jou Struc Geo, 23, 1549-1565 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chetty T.R.K. and Bhasker Rao Y.J., Behaviour of stretching lineations in the Salem-Attur shear belt, Southern Granulite Terrain, South India, Jour Geol Soc India 52, 443-448 (1998) @No $ @ @ Manimaran G., Petrological and structural studies of the North western part of the Tambraparani shear Zone, South India, Unpubl, Ph.D Thesis Univ of Kerala, Trivandrum, India, 289 (1995) @No
<#LINE#>Assessment of shallow Aquifer Potential zone using Electrical Resistivity Scanning Techniques Compare with Borehole Lithology in Western part of Lower Vellar basin, Chidambaram Taluk, Cuddalore,Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>C.@Dushiyanthan,Raja Kumar T.@Jeyavel,K.@Karthikeyan,D.@Davidraju,B.@Thiruneelakandan ,R.@Suresh<#LINE#>30-34<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJES-2014-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, INDIA @ Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, INDIA @ Govt Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>3/2/2014<#LINE#>15/2/2014<#LINE#>Six multi-electrode resistivity scanning techniques has been conducted shallow aquifer potential zone in western part of lower vellar basin. Geologically it comprises of alluvium and tertiary formations. Multi electrode resistivity scanning was carried out 250m using 50 electrodes by interspacing 5m using SSR-MP-AT-ME model resistivity meter and data were interpreted in surfer software. the interpreted scanning image represented maximum resistivity of 1000m at nallanthethu and low resistivity of 60m noticed at muthukrishnapuram, in other location the resistivity noticed 750m .in order to identify moderate resistivity of &#65533;10m to 60m has been noticed sandy aquifer for the favourable aquifer potential zone at shallow depth to the interpreted resistivity scanning. The interpretation result compared with bore hole lithology to validate the results. <#LINE#> @ @ Fitterman D.V. and Stewart M., Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater, Geophysics, 54, 995-1005 (1986) @No $ @ @ Barker R.D., Application of Geophysics in groundwater investigations, Water Surv., 84, 489-492 (1980) @No $ @ @ Owen R.J., Gwavava O. and Gwaze P., Multi-electrode resistivity survey for groundwater exploration in the Harare greenstone belt, Zimbabwe, Hydrogeology Journal,14, 244–252 DOI 10.1007/s10040-004-0420-7 (2005) @No $ @ @ Griffiths D.H. and Barker R.D., Two-dimensional resistivity, imaging and modelling in areas of the complex geology: Journal of applied Geophysics, 29, 211-226 (1993) @No $ @ @ Abdul Nassir S.S., Loke M.H., Lee C.Y., and Nawawi M.N.M., Salt-water intrusion mapping by geoelectrical imaging surveys. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, Geophysical prospecting, 48, 647-661 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim A.N., Harith Z.Z.T., Nawawi M.N.M. and Ayub M.S., Mapping of groundwater aquifer using integrated geophysical methods, Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia, , 177-187 (2002) @No $ @ @ Al-Sayed E.A. and ElQady G., Evaluation of sea water intrusion using the electrical resistivity and transient electromagnetic survey: Case study at fan of wadi feiran, Egypt EGM 2007 international workshop, Capri, Italy (2007) @No $ @ @ Mohsen S., Anvar K., Ahmed E., Abdel Azim I., Salim A., Johan P., Ampar S., and Salim A., Geophysical Studies for Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in the Aquifers of Wadi Ham, UAE and Wadi Al Batinah, Oman, The fifth annual U.A.E. university research Conference, 15, 15-24 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nyquist JE, Freyer PA, Toran L., Stream bottom resistivity Tomography to map groundwater discharge, Ground Water,46, 561–569 (2008) @No $ @ @ Barker R.D., Surface and borehole geophysics, In Lloyd J. W. (ed) Water Resources of Hard Rock Aquifers in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones. Studies and Reports in hydrology, 58, Paris, UNESCO, 287 (1999) @No $ @ @ Antony Ravindran A. and Mohd. Abdul Kadar Prabhu H., Groundwater exploration study using Wenner-Schlumberger electrode array through W-4 2D Resistivity Imaging systems at Mahapallipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(11), 36-40 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Investigation of Seismic Precursor Using Correlation Analysis Technique<#LINE#>P.L.@Jain,Santosh K.@Jain<#LINE#>35-39<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJES-2014-004.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics Govt. Gyan Chand Shrivastav P.G. College, Damoh, MP, INDIA @ Department of Physics Govt. Science and Commerce College, Benazeer, Bhopal, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>6/2/2014<#LINE#>25/2/2014<#LINE#>In this article we studied the variation of Maximum Electron Density (NmF2) concentration in the ionosphere calculated by earth positioning ionosonde around the time of strong seismic shock. We used NmF2 data of two stations Athens and Sanvito. We calculate Karl –Pearson coefficient of correlation. Results of the study showed that Karl- Pearson Coefficient get maximum disorder before two days from the seismic shock. It may be due to the generation of seismic wave during earthquake, which propagate upward and perturb the F-region ionosphere. Results may be beneficial in seismic precursor study.  <#LINE#> @ @ Pulinets, S.A., Legen’ka, A.D. Spatial-temporal characteristics of the large scale disturbances of electron concentration observed in the F-region of the ionosphere before strong earthquakes. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya(Cosmic Research), 41(3), 1-10 (2003) @No $ @ @ Calais E. and Minster J.B., GPS detection of ionospheric TEC perturbations following   the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1045–1048 (1995) @No $ @ @ Liu J.Y., Chen Y.I., Pulinets S.A., Tsai Y.B. and Chuo Y.J., Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M  6.0 Taiwan earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3113-31 (2000) @No $ @ @ Molchanov O.A., Mazhaeva O.A., Goliavin A.N. and Hayakawa M., Observation by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes, Ann. Geophysicae.,11, 431-440 (1993) @No $ @ @ Liu J.Y., Chuo Y.J., Pulinets S.A., Tsai H.F., Zeng X., A study on the TEC perturbations prior to the Rei-Li, Chi-Chi and Chia-Yi earthquakes. In "Seismo-Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling", Eds. Hayakawa, M. and Molchanov, O.A., TERRAPUB, Tokyo,297-301 (2002) @No $ @ @ Liu J.Y., Chuo Y.J., Shan S.J., Tsai Y.B., Pulinets S.A., Pre-earthquake anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements, Annales Geophysicae,22, 15851593 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pulinets S.A., Legen’ka, A.D., Spatial-temporal characteristics of the large scale disturbances of electron concentration observed in the F-region of the ionosphere before strong earthquakes, Kosmicheskie issledovaniya(Cosmic Research), 41(3),  1-10 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pulinets  S.A. and Boyarchuk K.A., Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes, Springer Verlag Publication (2004) @No $ @ @ Parrot M., Lefeuvre F., Corcuff Y. and Godefroy P., Observations of VLF emissions at the time of earthquakes in the Kerguelen Islands, Ann. Geophys., , 731-736 (1985) @No $ @ @ Hayakawa M. and Fujinawa Y., (eds.) Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction, Terra Sci. Publication (1994) @No
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Determination of Sandstone classification by using Geochemical aspect: A Case Study of Garudamangalam Formation, Cretaceous of Ariyalur, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>K.@Babu,R.@Prabhakaran,P.@Subramanian,B.@Selvaraj<#LINE#>40-43<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJES-2014-003.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, INDIA<#LINE#>5/2/2014<#LINE#>28/2/2014<#LINE#>The composition of sandstone may be expressed in terms of its bulk chemical composition. Such bulk chemical analyses are very useful. To understand fully the geochemical processes and the evolution of various types of sediment or differentiates, chemical analyses needed. Chemical data has value for classification, but the limitations of using chemical data for classification must be identified. The Cretaceous formation of Ariyalur area, Tamilnadu is one of the best developed sedimentary formations in southern India. The staratigraphy of this formation is divided into three groups, Uttatur, Trichinopoly, and Ariyalur. The Trichinopoly group later designated as Garudamangalam Formation. Representative 10 sandstone samples were collected from the Garudamangalam formation, and analysed for major oxide composition by using XRF. The relative concentrations of three major groups- silica, alumina, alkali oxides plus magnesia have been used to classify the Garudamangalam sandstone samples. From the study area samples SiO ranging from (12.93-42.56%), Al (3.49-8.47%), Fe(2.29-22.02%) and strongly depleted to S, NaO, KO, MnO, TiO and . The very high content of CaO ranging from 23.53-45.90%, it indicates they are rich in calcite cement, or it may mean shell fragments in the sandstone particles. Based on the following reference set, guidelines are proposed for chemical classification of sandstones. 1.quartz arenite: log(SiO/Al1.5, 2.Greywacke: log (SiO/Al)1 and log(KO/NaO)03. Arkose(includes subarkose): log(SiO/Al)1.5 and log(KO/NaO)0 and log (Fe+MgO)/ (KO+NaO)04. Lithic arenite: log(SiO/Al)1.5 and eighter log(KO/NaO)0 or log(Fe+MgO)/ (KO+NaO)0. If log (KO/NaO)0, lithicarenite can be confused with greywacke. Based on the above guidelines the study area sandstone samples reflects log (SiO/Al ratios from 0.47 to 0.92. The log (KO/NaO) Vs log (Fe+MgO)/ (NaO+KO) scatter diagram shows lithicarenites field. The study area samples reveals that they are rich in Litharenite sediments are evidences of a probable deposition of the felsic rich source rock and deposited in a marine environment. <#LINE#> @ @ Banerji R.K., Stratigraphy and micropalaeontology of Dalmiapuram Formation (Lower Cretaceous) – A rock stratigraphic unit of South India, Jour.Pal.Soc.India, (15),32-41 (1972) @No $ @ @ Banerji R.K., Evolution of the Cauvery Basin during Cretaceous, Proc. Cretaceous of India, Ind.Assoc.Palyn.,22-39 (1983) @No $ @ @ Blanford H.F., On the Cretaceous and other rocks of the South Arcot and Trichinopoly districts, Mem Geol Soc India, , 1–217 (1862) @No $ @ @ Pettijohn F.J., Potter P.E. and Siever R., Sand and Sandstone, Berlin: Springer-Verlag   Publication, 618, (1972) @No $ @ @ Ramanathan S., Stratigraphy of Cauvery Basin with reference to its oil prospects, Mem.Geol.Soc.India, 2, 153-167 (1968) @No $ @ @ RamaRao L., Recentcontributions to our knowledge of Cretaceous rocks of South India, Proc.Ind.Acad.Sci.,44, 185-254 (1956) @No $ @ @ Ramasamy S. and Banerji R.K., Geology, Petrography and systematic stratigraphy of Pre-Ariyalur sequence in Tiruchirapalli District, Tamilnadu, India, Jour.Geol.Soc.India, (37), 577-594 (1991) @No $ @ @ Ramkumar M.,  Doris Stuben and Zsolt Berner Lithstratigrphy, depositional history and sea level changes of the Cauvery Basin, southern India, Jour.of Annales Geoligiques de la Peninsule Balkanique,(65), 1-27, (2004) @No $ @ @ Sundaram R. and Rao P.S., Lithostratigraphic classification of Uttatur and Trichinopoly Group of rocks in Triruchirapalli District, Tamilnadu, Geol.Surv.India, Misc.Publ. (45), 111-119 (1979) @No $ @ @ Tewari  A., The Middle to Late Cretaceous microbiostratigraphy (foraminifera) and lithstratigraphy of the Cauvery Basin, Southeast India, Published Ph.D., Thesis (1996) @No $ @ @ Tewari A., Malcom B., Hart and Matthew P. Watkinson Teredolites from the Garudamangalam  sandstone formation formation, Cauvery basin, South east India, Ichnos: An International journal of Plant and Animal Traces,6(1-2), 75-98 (2008) @No $ @ @ Morton A.C., Influences of provenance and diagenesis on detrital garnet suites in the Palaeocene Forties Sandstone, Central North Sea, Journal of Sediementary Petrology, 57,  1027-1032 (1987) @No $ @ @ Heron M.M., Geochemical classification of terrigenous Sand and Shale from core or log data, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, (40), 40-53 (1988) @No