@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Combined NMR and conventional log petrophysical evaluation of a sandstone reservoir, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria<#LINE#>Peter Olasunkanmi @Ajakaye,Olawale Babatunde @Olatinsu <#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJES-2021-005.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria@Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria<#LINE#>7/10/2021<#LINE#>19/3/2022<#LINE#>Joint petrophysical analysis using conventional and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs was conducted for two wells in an offshore field, Niger Delta, Nigeria, using Interactive Petrophysics (IP) software. Delineated reservoir unit comprises of 11 and 5 zones on conventional logs in wells 1 and 2 with 6 and 3 zones on NMR logs in wells 1 and 2. Results show that oil is the predominant fluid type at the delineated depth intervals. Significant difference in the values of computed petrophysical parameters of interest from conventional log analysis only compared with the values from the integration of conventional and NMR logs have been established. The sensitivity of NMR logging tools to fluid contents only in reservoirs has assisted in mitigating the shortcomings of conventional logs, thus leading to fairly more accurate and reasonable estimation of reservoir parameters. Also, If NMR tools were run in the reservoir zones devoid of NMR information, there is high probability of having the same pattern of results in situations where they have similar geological settings.<#LINE#>Collett, T.S., Lee, M.W., Goldberg, D.S., Rack, F.R. and Williams, T. (2006).@Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging While Drilling.@ODP Leg, 204. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Programme, United State, Oct 17. 1-22.@Yes$Tong, M. and Tao, H. (2008).@Permeability estimating from complex resistivity measurement of shaly sand reservoir.@Geophysical Journal International, 173(2), 733-739. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.0373.x.@Yes$Petunin, V. V., Yin, X. L., and Tutuncu, A. N. (2011).@Porosity and permeability changes in sandstones and carbonates under stress and their correlation to rock texture.@Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Calgary: SPE 147401-MS.@Yes$Timur, A. (1968).@An Investigation of Permeability, Porosity and Residual water saturation relationships for Sandstone reservoirs.@The Log Analyst, 9, 8-7.@Yes$Coates, G. R. and Dumanoir, J. L. (1974).@A new approach to improved log derived permeability.@The Log Analyst, 15(1), 17-31.@Yes$Nelson, P.H. (1994).@Permeability-porosity relationships in sedimentary rocks.@The Log Analyst, 35, 38-62.@Yes$Revil, A. and Cathles, L. M. (1999).@Permeability of shaly sands.@Water Resources Research, 35, 651-662.@Yes$Glover, P. W. J., Zadjali, I.I. and Frew, K.A. (2006).@Permeability Prediction from MICP and NMR data using an electro-kinetic approach.@Geophysics, 71(4), F49 – F60.@Yes$Coates, G.R., Marschall, D., Mardon, D. and Galford, J. (1997).@A new characterization of bulk irreducible using magnetic resonance: Paper presented at the 1997 Annual Logging Symposium of the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, Houston.@@Yes$Spurlin, M. S., Barker, B.W., Cross, B.D., and Divine, C.E. (2019).@Nuclear magnetic resonance logging: Example applications of an emerging tool for environmental investigations.@Remediation Journal, 29(2), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21590.@Yes$Tangya, L. and Hongzhi, L. (2005).@Integrating MDT, NMR log and conventional logs for one-well evaluation.@Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 46(1-2), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2004.09.001.@Yes$ElMahdy, O. A. and Hamada, G. M. (2014).@Integrated NMR and density logs for evaluation of heterogeneous gas-bearing shaly sands.@Petroleum Science and Technology, 32(8), 058-064. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2011. 621500.@Yes$Nandlal, S., Graanoogst, F., Oedietram, J., and Quintavalla, C. A. (2014).@Integration of NMR and conventional logs to evaluate high-permeability heavy oil reservoir.@SPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America, 24-26 September, 2014, Medelin, Colombia. 12p. https://doi.org/10.2118/171047-MS.@Yes$Menger, S., and Prammer, M. (1998).@Can NMR porosity replace conventional porosity in formation evaluation?.@Society of Professional Well Log Analysts, 1998 Annual Logging Symposium, Transactions, Paper RR.@Yes$Akkurt, R., H. J. Vinegar, P. N. Tutunjian, and A. J.@Guillory, 1996, NMR logging of natural gas reservoirs.@The Log Analyst, 37(6), 33–42.@Yes$Coates, G. R., Xiao, L. and Prammer, M. G. (1999).@NMR logging principles and applications: Halliburton Energy Services, Houston, Texas.@@Yes$Henderson, S. (2004).@Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging, in G.@Asquith and D. Krygowski, Basic Well Log Analysis: AAPG Methods in Exploration 16, 103–113.@Yes$Chatterjee, R., Gupta, S.D. and Farooqui, M.Y. (2012).@Application of nuclear magnetic resonance logs for evaluating low-resistivity reservoirs: a case study from the Cambay basin, India.@J. Geophys. Eng., 9, 595–610. doi:10.1088/1742-2132/9/5/595.@Yes$Asquith, G. and Gibson, C. (1982).@Basic Well Log Analysis for Geologists.@AAPG, Tulsa, Oklahoma.1-234.@Yes$Coates, G. R., Peveraro, R. C. A., Hardwick, A. and Roberts, D.  (1991).@The magnetic resonance imaging log characterized by comparison with petrophysical properties and laboratory core data.@Proceedings of the 66th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, SPE, 627–635.@Yes$Morris, R.  L. and Biggs W. P. (1967).@Using log-derived values of water saturation and porosity.@SPWLA 8th Annual Logging Symposium, June 12-14, Denver, Colorado, USA.@Yes$Kenyon, W.E. (1992).@Nuclear magnetic resonance as petrophysical measurements.@Nuclear Geophysics, 6(2), 153-171.@Yes$Kenyon, W.E. (1997).@Petrophysical principles of applications of NMR logging.@The Log Analyst, 38(2), 21-43.@Yes$Kleinberg R.L. and Vinegar H.J. (1996).@NMR properties of reservoir fluids.@The Log Analyst 37, 20–32.@Yes$Hodgkins, M. A. and  Howard, J. J. (1999).@Application of NMR Logging to Reservoir Characterization of Low-Resistivity Sands in the Gulf of Mexico.@AAPG Bulletin, 83(1), 114 –127. https://doi.org/10.1306/00AA9A16-1730-11D7-8645000102C1865D.@Yes$Hamada, G.M., Al-Blehed, M.S., Al-Awad, M.N. and Al-Saddique, M. A. (2001).@Petrophysical evaluation of low-resistivity sandstone reservoirs with nuclear magnetic resonance log.@Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 29(2), 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0920-4105(01)00095-X@Yes$Gao, H. and Li, H. (2015).@Determination of movable fluid percentage and movable fluid porosity in ultra-low permeability sandstone using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique.@Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 133,  258-267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol. 2015.06.01710.@Yes$Jerath, K. and Torres-Verdín, C. (2012).@Improved assessment of in-situ fluid saturation with multi-dimensional NMR measurements and conventional well logs.@SPWLA 53rd Annual Logging Symposium, June 16-20, 2012.@Yes$Tuttle, L.W., Brownfield, M.E. and Charpentier, R.R. (1999).@The Niger Delta petroleum system: Niger Delta Province, Nigeria, Cameroon and Equitorial Guinea.@Africa Open File Report, 99-50-H, 7-38.@Yes$Kulke, H. (1995).@Regional Petroleum Geology of the World. Africa, America, Australia and Antarctica, Berlin.@22-26.@No$Fatoke, O.A. (2010).@Sequence stratigraphy of the Pliocene-Pleistocene strata and shelf-margin deltas of the eastern Niger Delta.@Ph.D. Thesis, University of Houston, USA.@Yes$Onuoha, K.M. (1999).@Structural features of Nigeria@Journal of African Earth Sciences, 29(3), 485-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(99)00111-6.@Yes$Zhao, X., Qi, K., Liu, L., Gong, C. and McCaffrey, W.D. (2018).@Development of a partially-avulsed submarine channel on the Niger Delta continental slope: Architecture and controlling factors.@Marine and Petroleum Geology, 95 (2018) 30–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo. 2018.04.015.@Yes$Short, K. C., and Stauble, A.J. (1967).@Outline of the geology of Niger Delta.@AAPG Bulletin, 51(5), 761-779. Doi:10.1306/5d25c0cf-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d@Yes$Evamy, B. D., Haremboure J., Kimberling, R., Knaap, W.A. and Molloy, F.A. (1978).@Hydrocarbon Habitat of Tertiary Niger Delta, Nigeria,@AAPG Bulletin, 62, 1-39.@Yes$Doust, H. and Omatsola, E. (1990).@Niger Delta. In: Edward, J.D. and Santogrossi, P.A. (Eds)@Divergent/Passive Basins. AAPG Bulletin, 48, 201-238.@Yes$Reijers, T. (2011). Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Niger Delta> Geologos, 17(3), 133-162. Doi:10.2478/v/0118-011-0008-3.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Avbovbo, A.A (1978).@Tertiary Lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta.@AAPG Bulletin, 62, 295-300.@Yes$Shannon, P. M. and Naylor, N. (1989).@Petroleum Basin Studies.@Graham and Trotman Limited, London, UK, 153-169.@Yes$Beka, F. T. & Oti, M. N. (1995).@The distal offshore Niger Delta: frontier prospects of a mature petroleum province.@In Geology of deltas, 237-241).@Yes$Corredor, F., Shaw, J. H., & Bilotti, F. (2005).@Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta.@AAPG bulletin, 89(6), 753-780.@Yes$Weber, K. J. and Daukoru, E. (1975).@Petroleum geological aspects of the Niger Delta.@Journal of Mining and Geology, 12, 9-12.@No$Weber, K. J. (1987).@Hydrocarbon distribution patterns in Nigeria growth fault structures controlled by structural style and stratigraphy.@Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1(2), 91-104.@Yes$Schlumberger Limited. (1991).@Log interpretation principles/applications.@@No$Gaymard, R. and Poupon, A. (1968).@Response of Neutron and Formation Density Logs in Hydrocarbon Formations.@The Log Analyst, 9(5), 3-11.@Yes$Etu-Efeotor, J. O. (1997).@Fundamentals of petroleum geology.@Paragraphics, Port Harcourt, 146.@Yes$Chevron (1996).@Sandstone Reservoir Evaluation: Sandstone Characteristics.@Presented at the Intermediate Formation Evaluation Seminar held in Ibadan, Nigeria. August 25–31, 1–44.@No$Worthington, P. F. (1985).@The evolution of shaly-sand concepts in reservoir evaluation.@The Log Analyst, 26(1), 23-40.@Yes$Dewan, J. T. 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@Research Article
<#LINE#>Quantitative Interpretation of Gravity and Magnetic Data in Parts of Sidhi and Shahdol Districts, MP, India<#LINE#>Rajan @Kumar,Alok Kumar @Singh,D. @Hanmanthu <#LINE#>11-18<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJES-2021-006.pdf<#LINE#>Geophysics Division, Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Nagpur, India@Geophysics Division, Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Nagpur, India@Geophysics Division, Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Nagpur, India<#LINE#>13/12/2021<#LINE#>13/4/2022<#LINE#>This article is represented to the quantitative interpretation of gravity & magnetic data in parts of Sidhi and Shahdol districts, Madhya Pradesh.Geologically, the area is represented by Vindhyan Super group, Sidhi Gneiss group, Chotanagapur Gneissic complex group, Mahakoshal group, Gondwana Super group and Deccan Trap Super group. The rock samples of 128 Nos. have been collected from different litho-units of the study area for measurement of physical properties (Density and Magnetic susceptibility) which are useful for understanding & evaluating of geological response. Quantitative interpretation of gravity map indicated three sub surface interfaces at depths, viz. 1.8km (shallow), 3.8km (intermediate) and beyond 3.8km (deeper) and magnetic map recorded three sub surface interfaces at depths, viz. 0.6km (shallow), 3.0km (intermediate) and beyond 3.0km (deeper). The average first sub-surface interface recorded up to 1.2km depth while second interface up to 3.4km depth may be correspond to sedimentary rocks of lower Gondwana formation sandstone.<#LINE#>Kumar R. and Punekar D. V. (2018). Significance of regional gravity survey in parts of Sidhi and Shahdol districts, M.P., Journal of Indian Geophysics Union, 22(5):478-484.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Jha D.K., Banerjee S.K. and Narain Dr. A. (1980). Systematic geological mapping of the area around Dudhamaniya, Singrauli Tehsil, Sidhi district, M.P, Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India, India.@undefined@undefined@No$Jha D.K. and Devarajan M.K. (2002). The large scale mapping and regional geochemical sampling of the area around Chanariya gold prospect, Sidhi district, M.P., Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India.@undefined@undefined@No$Jha D.K. and Devarajan M.K. (2002). Preliminary exploration for gold in Chakariya block, Sidhi district, M.P., Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India.@undefined@undefined@No$Majumdar M. (1980). Geology of Sarai-Bharsera area, north western part of Singrauli coalfield, Sidhi district, Madhya Pradesh, Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India.@undefined@undefined@No$Pandhare S.A. (1972). The systematic geological mapping in parts of Gopad-Banas Tahsil, Sidhi district, M.P., Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India.@undefined@undefined@No$Subramanvam B., Sankaram S.P. and Ghatak S.K. (1972). Geophysical investigations for Sulphide ores in Guriara area, Sidhi district, M.P., Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India.@undefined@undefined@No$Subrahmanyam B.,Sankaram S.P.,Ghatak S.K. andKhotpal A.S. (1975).Geophysical investigations for sulphide ores in Byria-Bahertola area Sidhi district, M.P., Unpublished, Report, Geological Survey of India.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Bharati S.K., Ramachandrappa and Hanmanthu D. (2016). A Report on geophysical mapping in toposheet nos. 64L/1, 2, 3, 4, and 64H/15, parts of Raipur, Dhamtari Districts, Chhattisgarh, Unpublished NGPM, Report, Geol. Surv. India, Central Region, Nagpur, India.@undefined@undefined@No$Gorle R., Anusha Y. and Hanmanthu D. (2016). A Report on geophysical mapping in toposheet nos. 64H/6, 9, 10, 13, and 14, parts of Raipur, Districts, Chhattisgarh, Unpublished NGPM, Report, Geol. Surv. India, Central Region, Nagpur, India.@undefined@undefined@No
<#LINE#>Optimization of the stacking quality of seismic data in the onshore Niger Delta Basin by the implementation of refraction statics<#LINE#>Adizua Okechukwu @Frank,Anakwuba Emmanuel @Kenechukwu,Onwuemesi Ajana @Godwin <#LINE#>19-33<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJES-2021-007.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics (Applied Geophysics Option), Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria@Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria@Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria<#LINE#>7/12/2021<#LINE#>7/4/2022<#LINE#>The role of the derivation and implementation of refraction statics in the enhancement of the end result of the stacking procedure, which entails improving overall data quality and integrity, was investigated using a high resolution onshore 3D seismic data acquired from a prospect field in the Niger Delta Basin. The processing approach adopted to achieve the focal objective of the study was to obtain a brute stack for traces of a select common midpoint (CMP) from the data without any form of refraction statics applied. We subsequently derived an appropriate and complete refraction statics solution and applied it to the data and stacked for the same CMP, to mirror the same segment of the dataset which was then placed side by side with the initial brute stack and critically analyzed to enable us establish the role and impact of the derived and implemented refraction statics which has been applied to the data in terms of stacking result optimization. After the analysis of both stacks (brute stack and the stack after application of refraction statics), we observed that the stack after refraction statics was applied revealed a clearer subsurface image in the CMP display panel in terms of the structures and stratigraphy than in the brute stack. Potential reflectors were properly aligned with no incidence of mis-ties of reflectors, reflectors exhibited remarkable continuity. Jittery reflections around marked horizons were completely re-aligned to their actual positions on the CMP panel where refraction statics was applied than in the CMP display of the brute stack.<#LINE#>Xie, J., Chen, W., Zhang, D., Zu, S. and Chen, Y. (2017).@Application of principal component analysis in weighted stacking of seismic data.@IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 14, 1-5.@Yes$Sheriff, R.E. (1991).@Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics.@Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Publication, 323p.@No$Adizua, O.F., Anakwuba, E.K. and Onwuemesi, A.G. (2019a).@A Hybrid approach to near-surface imaging and characterization for an onshore Niger Delta prospect field.@Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering – JESGE, Scienpress Limited, 9(1), 1-14.@Yes$Adizua, O.F., Anakwuba, E.K. and Onwuemesi, A.G. (2019b).@Derivation of refraction statics solution for 3D seismic data in an onshore Niger Delta prospect field.@Journal of Geology, Geophysics and the Environment – GGE, 45(2): 1-17.@Yes$Short, K.C. and Stauble, A.J. (1967).@Outline of the Geology of Niger Delta.@American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 51: 761-779.@Yes$Kulke, H. (Ed.). (1995).@Regional petroleum geology of the world. Part II, Africa, America, Australia and Antarctica.@G. Borntraeger. Berlin, (143-172).@Yes$Klett, T. R., Ahlbrandt, T. S., Schmoker, J. W., & Dolton, G. L. (1997).@Ranking of the world@US Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Open- File Report, (97-463).@Yes$Yilmaz, Ö. (1987).@Seismic data processing.@Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) special processing manual, Tulsa, USA. 2027p.@No$Mohanty, P., Phadke, S. and Bhattacharya, B. (2000).@Seismic resolution over coal seams: A numerical study.@Acta Geophysica, 48: 215-222.@Yes$Wolf, K., Rosales, D., Guitton, A., & Claerbout, J. (2004, October).@Robust Moveout Without Velocity Picking.@In 2004 SEG Annual Meeting. OnePetro.@Yes$Kostecki, A. and Polchlopek, A. (2006).@Method for Correction of the Pre-stack Migration Amplitude of converted waves.@Acta Geophysica, 54, 113-125.@Yes$Rashed, M. (2014).@Fifty years of Stacking.@Acta Geophysica, 62, 505-528.@Yes$Mayne, W. H. (1962).@Common reflection point horizontal data stacking techniques.@Geophysics, 27(6), 927-938.@Yes$Kumar, L., & Sinha, D. P. (2008).@From CMP to CRS: an overview of stacking techniques of seismic data.@In 7th Biennial International Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics. SPG.@Yes$Hubral, P., Hoecht, G., & Jaeger, R. (1999).@Seismic illumination.@The Leading Edge, 18(11), 1268-1271.@Yes$Mann, J., Jager, R., Muller, T., Hocht, G. and Hubral, P. (1999).@Common reflection surface stack – a real data example.@Journal of Applied Geophysics, 42, 301-318@Yes$Jager, R., Mann, J., Hocht, G. and Hubral, P. (2001).@Common Reflection Surface Stack: Image and Attributes.@GEOPHYSICS, 2001.@Yes$Cox, M. (1999).@Statics correction for seismic reflection surveys.@Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Publication, Tulsa – Oklahoma, 531.@Yes$Marsden, D. (1993).@Static corrections—A review, Part 1.@The leading edge, 12(1), 43-49.@Yes$Keho, T.H. and Kelamis, P.G. (2012).@Focus on Land Seismic Technology: The Near-surface Challenge.@The Leading Edge, 31, 62-68.@Yes$Zhu, X.S., Gao, R., Li, Q.S., Guan, Y., Lu, Z. and Wang, H. (2014).@Static corrections methods in the processing of deep reflection seismic data.@Journal of Earth Science, 25(2), 299–308.@Yes$Russell, B.H. (1990).@Statics correction – A tutorial; a scientific publication by Hampson-Russell software services limited in the Recorder.@14(3), 16-30.@No$Marsden, D. (1993b).@Statics corrections – a review, part II.@The Leading Edge, 12(2), 115-120.@Yes$Marsden, D. (1993c).@Statics corrections – a review, part III.@The Leading Edge, 12(3), 210-216.@Yes$Liu, L.S. (1998).@Constrained first arrival pick up and first-break residual static correction.@OGP, 35(5): 604-610.@Yes$Baker, G.S. (1999).@Processing near-surface seismic reflection data.@A primer: Young, R. A. Series, Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA@Yes$Jing, X.L. (2003).@Two steps solution methods for big residual static corrections.@OGP, 38(1), 22-26.@Yes$Butler, D.K. (2005).@Near-surface Geophysics.@A publication of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA@Yes$Duan, Y. Q. (2006).@Residual static corrections based on refraction survey.@Oil and Gas Prospecting–OGP, 41(2), 32-35.@Yes$Huang, M.Z., Feng, Z.Y. and Zhou, D.T. (2008).@Directly iterated statics correction method in offset domain and its application.@Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 31(2), 122-128.@Yes$Bridle, R. and Aramco, S. (2009).@Delay – Time refraction methods applied to a 3D seismic block.@The Leading Edge, 28(2), 212-215.@Yes$Li, P., Feng, Z. and Li, Z. (2009).@Statics correction technology and applications in complex areas of western China.@The Leading Edge, 28(2), 1384-1386@Yes$Luo, Y.W., Yang, J. and Duan, W.X. (2010).@Comparing between several statics correction methods.@Petroleum Instruments, 24(5): 41-43.@Yes$Henley, D.C. (2012).@Interferometric applications in static corrections.@Geophysics, 77(1): 1-13.@Yes$Ponnam, S., Navin, M., Sarvind, R., Sudhakar, M. and Dutta, N.M. (2013).@Field Statics estimations: A case history from North Assam Shelf, Assam, India.@A Technical paper presented at the 10th Biennial International Conference and Exposition – SOCHI 2013, 287-291.@Yes$Opara, C., Adizua, O.F. and Ebeniro, J.O. (2018).@Application of static correction in the processing of 3D seismic data from onshore Niger Delta.@Universal Journal of Geoscience – UJG, 6(1), 1-7.@Yes