@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Monitoring urban Land use land cover change by Multi-Temporal remote Sensing information in Howrah city, India<#LINE#>Satiprasad@Sahoo<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJES-2013-016.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur – 721302, WB, INDIA<#LINE#>3rd/10/2013<#LINE#>13/10/2013<#LINE#>Land use and land cover (LULC) change has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources and monitoring environmental changes. This paper examines the urban LULC changes that have been taken place in Howrah city, India, for the last two decades due to the rapid urbanization. This work mainly emphasizes on understanding of LULC change detection analysis using LANDSAT MSS in 1975, TM in 1989, and ETM+ in 2000) and LISS-III (2009) high resolution imagery for the 34 years time span. Unsupervised classification techniques have been utilized for delineating five different classes: agriculture land, built up, vegetation, water body and wet land. LULC changes that occurred in this area suggesting that the spatial change of an impervious surface is a useful indicator of identifying spatial extent, intensity and potentially type of urban land use and land cover changes.  It is also inferred from the analysis that land changes was taken place in this area  mainly in form of built up land during specified time period.<#LINE#> @ @ Meyer W.B. and Turner B.L. II., Changes in land use and land cover: a global perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 549 (1994) @No $ @ @ Aplin P., Edited by Mesev V., Comparison of simulated IKONOS and SPOT HRV imagery for classifying urban areas, Remotely Sensed Cities, London, Taylor and Francis: 23-45 (2003) @No $ @ @ Alrababah M.A. and Alhamad M.N., Land use/cover classification of arid and semi-arid Mediterranean landscapes using Landsat ETM, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(13), 2703-2718 (2006) @No $ @ @ Abedini Mandana, Md said Md Azlin and Ahmad, Clustering approach on land use land cover classification of Landsat TM over Ulu kinta catchment, World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(7), 809-817 (2012) @No $ @ @ Arai K., Bu X.Q., ISODATA clustering with parameter (threshold for merge and split) estimation based on GA: Genetic Algorithm, Reports of the Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 36(1),(2007) @No $ @ @ Hardin P.J., Jackson M.W. and Otterstrom S.M., Maping, measuring, and modeling urban growth, In R.R. Jensen, J.D. Gatrell & D. Mclean(Eds.), Geo-SpatialTechnologies In Urban Environments: Policy, Practice And Pixels(2ND ED.), (141-176) Heidelberg: springer-velag (2007) @No $ @ @ Rammachandra T.V. and Kumar Uttam, Geographic resource decision support systems for land use, land cover dynamics analysis. Poceeding of the FOSS/GRASS user conference- Bangkok, Thailand (2004) @No $ @ @ Mishra Monalisha., Mishra Kant Kamal and Subudhi  A.P., Urban sprawl mapping and land use change analysis using remote sensing and GIS (2011) @No $ @ @ Sudhira H.S., Ramachandra T.V and Jagadish K.S., Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modeling using GIS, InternatinalJournal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 5, 29-39 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sundarakumar K., Harika M., Aspiya Begum S.K., Yamini S. and Balakrishna K., Land use and land cover change detection and urban sprawl analysis of Vijaywada city using multitemporal Lansad data, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (UEST), 4(01)(2012) @No $ @ @ Lillesand T.M. and Kiefer R.W., Remote sensing and image interpretation, 4th ed. Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA (2000) @No $ @ @ Viera Anthony J. and Garrett Joanne M., Understanding Interobserver Agreement: The Kappa Statistic, Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of North Carolina, 37(5), 360-3 (2005) @No $ @ @ Phukan P., Thakuriah G., and Saikia R., Land use land cover change detection using remote sensing and GIS techniques – a case study of Golaghat district of Assam, India, 1(1), 11-15 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tilman D., Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and Efficient practices, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 5995–6000 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Sea level Rise impact on Singapore, Solomon Island, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu<#LINE#>Udayakumar@Praveenkhanna<#LINE#>7-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJES-2013-018.pdf<#LINE#>Institute of Ocean Management, Department of Ocean Management, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai-600025, INDIA <#LINE#>24/9/2013<#LINE#>10/10/2013<#LINE#>Coastal areas of smaller islands are vulnerable to global sealevel rise due to climate change. But the impact in the current scenario is threatening because of the human preference for living in Coastal areas. The impact will be very devastating sometimes like total submergence. In this study, the sealevel of 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m rise and its influence on Singapore, Solomon Island, Saint Vincent  and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu has been studied and its submergence area has been calculated using the screen shots for various sea level rise of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 meters obtained from the website http://flood.firetree.net/ and it is then digitized using ArcGIS to calculate the submergence area. <#LINE#> @ @ Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M., Chen Z., Marquis M., Averyt K.B., Tignor M. and Miller H.L. (eds.)., Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA,  (2007) @No $ @ @ Anthoff D., Nicholls R.J., Tol R.S.J. and Vafeidis A.T., Global and regional exposure to large rises in sea-level: A sensitivity analysis, Working Paper 96, Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research, Norwich, UK (2006) @No $ @ @ Church J.A. and White N.J., A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise, Geophysical Research Letters, 33:L01602 (2006) @No $ @ @ http://flood.firetree.net/(2013) @No $ @ @ Hay J.E., Suarez A.G., Poh Poh Wong, Briguglio L., Ragoonaden S., Small Island States, Chapter-17, Climate Change 2001 Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge, United Kingdom 2001, 845-870 (2001) @No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Petrography and Major Geochemical Studies of Anorthosite, Kadavur and Adjoining Area, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>M.@Vinoth Kumar,R.S.@Kumar,K.@Rajaprian,Kuldeep@Singh<#LINE#>15-22<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJES-2013-015.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>26/9/2013<#LINE#>7/10/2013<#LINE#>The study area occupies a small part of the Madurai Block (MB) of the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) in India. It is chiefly represented by anorthosite and gneissic rocks. The economic importance of rocks (massive nature) brought name and fame of this locality all over the world. The term massive is use here for textural sense with reference of homogeneous composition, without preferred crystal orientation or stratification. This is a common feature among anorthosite in massif type complexes. The study area is chiefly composed of metamorphic and igneous formations. They are older and younger gneissic formation, Granitic intrusions and pegmatitic intrusions beside the anorthosite and related rocks. The anorthosite complex is a large anorthosite – gabbro mass emplaced in the core of a regional antiform which occupies the Kadavur basin. This is surrounded in all sides by thick supracrustal hills of quartzites interbanded with quartzo – feldspathic gneisses. The contact between the metasedimentary quartzites and the anorthosites and related rocks exhibits intrusive nature of emplacement. The Geochemical studies of samples are represented in a unique pattern in major oxide concentrations. The Average SiO2 content in the Fe-Ti samples we found 4.06wt%, TiO- 19.88 wt%, Fe- 68.44 wt%. On the basis of TAS Diagram analysis we are classified these rocks in to Picro-basalts and basalt while on the basis of AFM Diagram these falls on sub-alkaline to tholeiitic nature. The geochemical plot study shown that the sample no K12 and K30 rock units are igneous protolith in nature. <#LINE#> @ @ Subramaniam A.P., Petrology of the Anorthosite – Gabbro mass at Kadavur, Madras, India, Geol.mag,93, 287-30 (1956) @No $ @ @ Windley B.F and Selvan T.A., Anorthosites and associated rocks of Tamilnadu Southern India, Journal of theGeological Society of India.,16, 209-215 (1975) @No $ @ @ Arumugam M. and Senthilkumar R., Is anorthosite around Kadavur (Karur district, Tamilnadu) – A diapiric intrusion?, The Indian Mineralogist,32, 35 (1998) @No $ @ @ Senthilkumar R. Geological-setting, petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of anorthosite and related rocks in and around Mammaniyur, adjoing Kadavur, Dindigual-Karur districts, Tamilnadu, South India, Ph.D thesis Annamali University, (1999) @No $ @ @ Nagalakshmi N. Lithological and hydrogeological studies of Kadavur basin, Trichy district, Tamilnadu, M.Phil thesis Annamali University, (1996) @No $ @ @ Sarkar, Amitabha and Bose M.K. Observation on the Kadavur igneous complex, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, Ind.J.Earth.Sci.,5, 194-199, (1978) @No $ @ @ Amitabha S. and Mihar Bose K., Geology of Kadavur complex, Tamilnadu, Recent researches in geology13, 97-107 (1987) @No $ @ @ Buddington A.F., Adirondack anorthosite series In: Y.W. Isachsen (ed,) Origin of anorthosite and related rocks, New York State, mus.sci serv.,18, 215-232 (1969) @No $ @ @ Ashwal L.D., Anorthosites, Series on Minerals and Rocks, Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg,21, 422 (1993) @No $ @ @ Emilie R.F., Anorthosite massifs, rapakivi granites and late Proterozoic rifting of North America, Precamb.Res.,, 61-78 (1978) @No $ @ @ Cox K.G. Bell J.D. and Pankhurst R.J., The interpretation of igneous rocks London, Contrib.Mineral.Petro., 66, 119-135 (1979) @No $ @ @ Pecerillo R. and Taylor S.R., Geochemistry of Eocene Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey, Contrib. Mineral.Petrol.,58, 63-81 (1976) @No $ @ @ Macdonald G.A. and Kasura T., Composition and origin of Hawaiian lavas, In Coats R.R., Hay, R.L. and Anderson C.A., Studies in volcanology, a Memoir in honour of Howel Williams, Geol.Soc.Amer., 116, 477-522 (1968) @No $ @ @ Macdonald G.A. and Katsura T., Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas, Petrol.,5, 83-133 (1964) @No $ @ @ Le bas M., Le Maitre R W., Streckeisen A., and Zanettin B.,  A  chemical  classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram, Journal of Petrology, 27, 745-750 (1986) @No $ @ @ Irvine T.N and Baragar W.R.A., A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks, Can.J.Earth sci.,8, 523-548 (1971) @No