@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Assessment of environmental, health and socio-economic status of a village of Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India – A Pilot Study<#LINE#>Koushik @Dutta <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAFS-2018-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Studies, Trivenidevi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, Paschim Bardhaman, W.B., India<#LINE#>22/1/2018<#LINE#>30/3/2018<#LINE#>Purba Bardhaman is basically an agricultural based part of West Bengal. This investigation is carried out to measure the environmental, health and socio-economic status of the region. It is an experimental as well as survey based study. Standard scientific methods were adopted to analyse different water, soil and biological samples. The study is very relevant in the present day context. The analytical study of soil and water (ground water as well as surface water) of this vicinity show that the water and soil do not contain traceable amount of heavy metals  and lethal constituents for instance cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) etc. But some parts of this constituency are contaminated with iron. Farmers mainly apply chemical fertilisers instead of biofertilisers in their crop field. Fishes and fruits grown in this region do not contain toxic heavy metal and hence do not pose any health related threats to the consumers. Villagers are suffering from water bourne diseases (especially the children) during the rainy season. The socio-economic study reveals that people of this region are peace loving and lives happily irrespective of the religion. Open defecation is very common practice among the villagers (including the women) although all the villagers are having their own toilet. Educational status of this province is not quite satisfactory. Electricity and water supply are provided to all the villagers. The main earning sources of the people of this region are crop cultivation and pisciculture. New generation of this region are slowly left their traditional jobs and are shifted to other jobs. However the economic status of this section is somewhat satisfactory. But slowly and gradually the lifestyle and socio-economic condition of this region is changing.<#LINE#>Census Report of India. (2001).@undefined@undefined@No$Dutta K. (2012).@Tourism Vis-à-vis Safe Environment.@Proceedings of the National Seminar on Changing Society, Culture and Its Impacts on People, ISBN: 978-81-909878-9-9, Rupasi Bangla Publication, Kolkata, pp. 39-45.@No$Dutta K. (2015).@Human Tide: An Environmentally Induced Migration.@Res. J. of Recent. Sci., International Science Congress Association, Indore, (India), 4(IVC-2015), 22-24.@No$Dutta K. (2017).@Role of Women in Maintaining Environmental Sustainability.@Proceedings of the National Conference on Women Empowerment: Challenges and Strategies, ISBN: 978-93-82135-68-5, Arpan Publications, New Delhi, 174-180.@No$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2011).@Physicochemical analysis of waste water coming from different chromite mines in Sukinda Valley Region, Odisha and its management.@Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management, ISWMAW, Kolkata, 355-358.@No$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2012).@Comparative study of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of some groundwater sources from Sukinda Valley Region in Odisha.@The Ecoscan, 1, 155-160.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2013).@Limnological status and bioconcentration of some heavy metals in Damsal Nala of Sukinda Valley Region in Odisha and consequent histopathological lesions observed in liver and kidney of air-breathing fish Channa sp.@The Ecoscan, 3, 191-197.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2013).@Comparative study on limnological parameters and bioconcentrations of heavy metals in an air-breathing carnivorous teleostean fish, Gaducia ap. of the upstream and downstream regions of Damsal Nala in Sukinda Valley Region, Odisha.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(6), 1831-1840.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2013).@Analysis of physicochemical characteristics   and metals in water sources of chromite mining in Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India.@JEB, 34(4), 783-788.@Yes$Dutta K. (2014).@Impact of Chromite Contamination in the Ground Water, Surface Water, and Bottom Sediment of Damsal Nala of Sukinda Valley Region in Odisha.@Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.@No$Dutta K. (2015).@Impact of Mining on Environment: An Overview.@Proceedings of the National Workshop on Challenges and Opportunities for Management of Water Supplies in Rural Areas, COMWRA, Key Resource Centre (Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, GOI, New Delhi), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, ISM, Dhanbad, India, 161-163.@No$Dutta K. (2015).@Chromite Mining: Disbalancing the Aquatic Environment of Sukinda Valley.@Res. J. of Recent. Sci., International Science Congress Association, Indore, (India), 4(IYSC-2015), 80-93.@Yes$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2015).@Chromite Mining: Poisoning the Environment of Sukinda Valley – A Critical Review.@Minenvis, Centre of Mining Environment, ISM, Dhanbad, (India), No. 87, 1-3.@No$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2016).@Comparative study on bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals in some native plant species along the bank of chromite contaminated Damsal nala of Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India.@Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., International Science Community Association, Indore, (India), 5(7), 32-52.@No$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2016).@Comparative study on phytoplankton distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Microspora sp. of chromite contaminated Damsal nala of Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., International Science Community Association, Indore, (India), 6(9), 27-35.@No$Dutta K. (2017).@Environmental Panorama of Sukinda Valley – a critical study.@Int. Res. J. Earh Sci., International Science Congress Association, Indore, (India), 5(11), 34-37.@No$Dutta K. and Ghosh A.R. (2018).@Contamination and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Water, Bottom Sediment and Two Teleostean Fish Species of Sukinda Valley, Odisha, India.@Environica, Proceedings of the 3rd  International Conference on Mother Earth: Environmental Crisis & Sustainable Strategies, ICME III, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal (India), ISBN: 978-93-84106-97-3, Levant Books, Kolkata, India, 2, 268-286.@No$APHA (American Public Health Association) (1998).@Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water.@20th Edition, Washington DC.@No$Saxena M.M. (1998).@Environmental analysis water, soil and air.@Agro Botanica, Vyas Nagar, Bikaner, India.@Yes$Walkley A. and Black I.A. (1934).@An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents.@Soil Science, 63, 251-263.@No$Subbiah B.V. and Asija G.L. (1956).@A rapid procedure for determination of available nitrogen in soils.@Current Science, 25, 259-60.@Yes$Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S. and Dean L.A. (1954).@Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate.@U.S. Department of Agriculture , Washington DC, 939, 1-19.@Yes$Jaiswal P.C. (2004).@Soil, plant and water analysis.@Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.@No$Ming C. and Ma L.Q. (2001).@Comparison of three aqua regia digestion methods for twenty florida soils.@Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 491-499.@Yes$Mondal B.C., Das D. and Das A.K. (2002).@Preconcentration and separation of copper, zinc and cadmium by the use of 6-mercapto purinylazo resin and their application in microwave digested certified biological samples followed by AAS determination of the metal ions.@Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 16(3), 145-148.@Yes$WHO, World Health Organization (1994).@Guidelines for drinking water quality.@Washington DC.@No$BIS, Bureau of Indian Standards (1991).@Water quality guidelines for drinking water and aquatic life.@@No$CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board (2008).@Guidelines for water quality management.@MINARS, New Delhi, India.@No$USDA-NRCS, United States Department of Agriculture. (1998).@Natural Resource Conservation Service.@Indicators for soil quality evaluation, Soil Quality Institute: Soil.@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Status of host resistance against selected viral diseases of tomato crops<#LINE#>Deepak @Bhandari <#LINE#>7-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAFS-2018-005.pdf<#LINE#>Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal<#LINE#>11/2/2018<#LINE#>25/4/2018<#LINE#>Virus diseases are one of the most devastating barriers for a successful and commercial production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The study aims to review the status of selected virus diseases of tomato and to overview the advancement in host resistance against the virus diseases. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and  Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) are the most devastating virus diseases of tomato. Various cultural, integrated, resistant and chemical methods (against insect vectors) have been developed to reduce the yield loss due to virus diseases; however, only host resistance were effective to some extent. The wild families of tomato Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Lycopersicon peruvianum, Lycopersicon cheesmani, Lycopersicon peruvianum and Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium have robust resistance against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Similarly Pimpertylc-J-13, Chepertylc-92 and hybrid Mirella are some other lines which have resistance against TYLCV of Tomato. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Lycopersicon hirsutum, Lycopersicon  chilense and Lycopersicon  peruvianum have been identified having resistant characteristics against Tomato spotted wilt virus. Tomato varieties Pearl Harbour and Manzana have strain-specific resistant. Several tomato hybrids having Sw-5 gene were resistance against Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. The dominant genes Tm-22 and Tm-2 which is an allelic of Tm-22 have considerable level of resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus in different regions of Asia. Transgenic line 4174 have ample resistance against mechanical infections by TMV. Several wild species of Tomato have exhibited resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus; however, due to polygenic nature of the resistance and plant infertility problems the development of durable resistant varieties against the disease is not much successful. Durable resistance to Tomato mottle virus has been obtained from different wild species of Lycopersicon spp. The treatment of Tomato plants with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) augmented the induced resistance against Tomato mottle virus. Latest researches have been concentrated on genetic engineering which focus on the manipulation, modification and inclusion of resistant genes from other species, none host species and also from the pathogen itself; however, the worries on negative impacts of transgenic crops must be cleared by further research and findings.<#LINE#>Sastrosiswojo S. (1995).@Integrated pest management in vegetable production.@Symposium on Small Scale vegetable production and Horticultural Economics in Developing Countries. ISHS Acta Horticulturae. 369 (www.actahort. org/books/369).@No$Zaitlin M. and Palukaitis P. (2000).@Advances in Understanding Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases. Annual Review of phytopathology.@38, 117-143.@No$Barker H., Reavy B. and McGeachy K.D. (1998).@High level resistance in potato to potato mop-top virus induced by transformation with the coat protein gene.@European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104(7), 737-740.@Yes$Murphy F.A., Fauquet C.M., Bishop D.H.L., Ghabrial S.A., Jarvis A.W.,  Martelli G.P.,  Mayo M. A. and Summers M.D. (1995).@Virus Taxonomy: Sixth report of the international Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.@Springer-Verlag, Wein and New York.@Yes$Salvador R., Maria J., Diez O. and Fernando N. (1996).@Diseases causing the greatest economic losses in tomato crop. The Tomato spotted wilt virus- A review.@Scientia Horticuhurae, 67, 117- 150.@Yes$Zitter T.A. (1984).@Virus Diseases and Disorders of Tomato.@Vegetable Crops Fact Sheet. Cornell University, USA, 735-740.@Yes$Noris E., Accotto G.P., Tavazza R., Brunetti A., Crespi S. and Tavazza M. (1996).@Resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with atruncated viral C1 gene.@Virology, 224, 130-138.@Yes$Mendoza H.A., Mihovilovich E.J. and Saguma F. (1996).@Identification of Triplex potato virus Y (PVY) immune progenitors derived from Solanum tuberosum.@American Potato Journal, 73, 13-19.@Yes$Moriones E. (2000).@TYLCV Data Sheet.@EWSN, U.K.@Yes$Momol M.T., Simone G.W., Dankers W.,  Sprenkel R.K., Olson S.M., Momol E.A.,  Polston J.E. and Hiebert E. (1999).@First report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato in South Georgia.@Plant Disease, 83, 487.@Yes$Brunt A., Crabtree K. and Gibbs A. (1990).@Viruses of tropical plants.@Wallingford: CAB International, 707.@Yes$Pilowski M. and Cohen S. (1990).@Tolerance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus derived from Lycopersicon peruvianum.@Plant Dis., 74, 248-250.@Yes$Laterrot H. (1992).@Resistance genetics to tomato yellow leaf curl virus.@Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Newsletter No. 1, 2-4.@Yes$Channarayappa A., Shivashankar G., Muniyappa V. and Frist R.H. (1992).@Resistance of Lycopersicon species to Bemisia tabaci, a tomato leaf curl virus vector.@Can. J. Bot., 70, 2184-2192.@Yes$Kremida D. (2007).@Virus-resistant tomato hits Turkish market.@Antalya - Turkish Daily News. Thursday, December 13, 2007.@No$Czosnek H. and Laterrot H. (1997).@A world-wide survey of Tomato yellow leaf curl viruses.@Arch.Virol., 142, 1391-1406.@Yes$Sakimura K. (1962).@The present status of thrips-borne viruses.@K. Maramorosch (Editor), Biological Transmission of Disease Agents. Academic Press, New York, 33-40.@Yes$Franeki R.I. and Hatta T. (1981).@Tomato spotted will virus. In: Handbook of Plant Virus.@Diseases and Comparative Diagnosis E. Kurstak (Ed.), 491-512.@No$De Avila A.C., De Haan P., Kormelink R., Resende R., Goldbach R.W. and Peters D. (1993).@Classification of tospoviruses based on phylogeny of nucleoprotein gene sequences.@Journal of General Virology, 74, 153-159.@Yes$Moury B., Palloix A., Selassie K.G. and Marchoux G. (1997).@Hypersensitive resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in three Capsicum chinense accessions is controlled by a single gene and is overcome by virulent strains.@Euphytica, 94(1), 45-52.@Yes$Stevens M.R., Scott S.J. and Gergerich R.C. (1994).@Evaluation of seven Lycopersicon species for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV).@Euphytica, 80, 79-84.@Yes$Finlay K.W. (1953).@Inheritance of spotted wilt resistance in tomato. II. Five genes controlling spotted wilt resistance in four tomato types.@Australian Journal of Biological Science, 6, 153-163.@Yes$Stevens M.R., Scott S.J. and Gergerich R.C. (1992).@Inheritance of a gene for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from Lycopersicon peruuianum.@Euphytica, 59, 9-17.@Yes$Diez M.J. (1995).@Tipos varietales.@In: F. Nuez (Editor), El Cultivo de1 Tomate. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, 93-130.@Yes$Laterrot H. (2000).@Disease resistance in tomato: practical situation.@Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 22(3), 328-331.@Yes$Elkind Y., Kedar N., Katan Y., Couteaudier Y. and Laterrot H. (1988).@Linkage between Tm-2 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici resistance (FORL).@Rep. Tomato Genet. Coop, 38, 22.@Yes$Vakalounakis D.J., Laterrot H., Moretti A., Ligoxigakis E. K. and Smardas K. (1997).@Linkage between Frl (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicii lycopersici resistance) and Tm-2 (Tobacco mosaic virus resistance-2) loci in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).@Annual Appl. Biol., 130, 319-323.@Yes$Nelson R.S., McCormick S.M., Delannay X., Dube P., Layton J., Anderson E.J., Kaniewska M., Proksch R.K., Horsch R.B., Rogers S.G., Fraley R.T. and Beachy R.N. (1988).@Virus tolerance, plant growth, and field performance of transgenic tomato plants expressing coat protein from tobacco mosaic virus.@Biotechnology, 6, 403-409.@Yes$Hollings M. and Huttinga H. (1976).@Tomato Mosaic Virus.@CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. Kew, Surrey, England. No.6. 156.@Yes$Broadbent L. (1976).@Epidemiology and control of tomato mosaic virus.@Annual Review of Phytopathology, 14, 75-96.@Yes$Lukyanenko A.N. (1991).@Disease resistance in tomato. In Genetic improvement of tomato.@Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 99-119.@Yes$Watterson J.C. (1993).@Development and breeding of resistance to pepper and tomato viruses.@In: Kyle, M.M. (ed), Resistance to viral diseases of vegetables: genetics & breeding, Timber Press, Oregon, 80-101.@Yes$Tien P., Zhang X., Qiu B., Qin B. and Wu G. (1987).@Satellite RNA for control of plant diseases caused by cucumber mosaic virus.@Annals of Applied Biology, 111, 143-152.@Yes$Provvidenti R. and Gonsalves D. (1995).@Inheritance of resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in a transgenic tomato line with the coat protein gene of the white leaf strain.@Journal of Heredity, 86, 85-88.@Yes$Xue B., Gonsalves C., Provvidenti R., Slightom J.L., Fuchs M. and Gonsalves D. (1994).@Development of transgenic tomato expressing a high level of resistance to cucumber mosaic virus strains of subgroup I and II.@Plant Disease, 78, 1038-1041.@Yes$Fuchs M., Provvidenti R., Slightom J.L. and Gonsalves D. (1996).@Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing the coat protein gene of cucumber mosaic virus strain WL under field conditions.@Plant Disease, 80, 270-275.@Yes$Abouzid A. and Hiebert E. (1991).@Characterisation of Florida tomato geminivirus.@Phytopathology, 81, 1184.@Yes$Murphy J.F., Zehnder G.W.,  Schuster D.J., Sikora E.J.,  Polston J.E. and Kloepper J.W. (2000).@Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial mediated protection in tomato against Tomato mottle virus.@Plant Diseases, 84, 779-784.@Yes$Harrison B.D. and Murant A.F. (1977).@Nepovirus group.@Common wealth mycological institute/Association of applied biologist descriptions of plant viruses, 4, 185.@Yes