@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Analysis of Seasonal price Variatin of Rice in India<#LINE#>Makama@S.A.,Amrutha@T.J.,Lokesha@H.,Koppalkar@B.G. <#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAFS-2016-013.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Economics, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India@Department of Agricultural Economics, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India@Department of Agricultural Economics, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India@Department of Agronomy, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka State, India<#LINE#>10/4/2016<#LINE#>9/5/2016<#LINE#>The study was conducted to describe the price variations in price of rice in India using monthly prices of rice for a period of ten years (2004 – 2014). The result of the Grand Seasonal Index which represents the typical seasonal behavior of time series of the 12 calendar months for rice prices in India showed a deviation from hundred (Table 1), meaning that seasonality existed in the country. Grand seasonal index for January (2004–14) in India was found to be 96.57 which means that the price in India on an average is 3.43 per cent lower than the average of the entire period as whole. However, the result further revealed coefficients of variation of the domestic price of rice to be higher in the years 2004, to 2009, as well as 2013 and 2014 and lowest coefficients of variation were recorded in the years 2010 to 2012 thus, these was as a result of the higher price variations of rice in the country between the harvest and the lean periods. This means that in India, the law of demand applied wherein, prices fall during the harvest season and rises during the lean period. However, findings of this study showed that seasonality of rice is one of the major causes of variation in prices in India hence to reduce the seasonal price fluctuations, it is therefore recommended that, government of India should ensure strict adherence to ceiling and floor price so as to limit the speculative practices in the markets.<#LINE#>FAO (2015).@Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Database.@Retrieved on Sept. 17, 2015. 17:53:21 CET.@Yes$Makama S.A., Amrutha T.J., Patil S.S. and Wali V.B. (2016).@Export Competitiveness of Indian Rice: A policy analysis matrix approach.@International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 5(1): 339 – 344.@Yes$FAO (2004).@Annual  Statistics: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.@Rome.@No$FAO (2013).@Rice market Monitor, Vol. XVII issue No. 1, Trade and Market Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.@Rome.@No$Bashir N.M. (2003).@Temporal and Spatial price analysis of Sesame Marketing in Gedarif Area.@PhD Thesis of the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Khartoum, Sudan.@Yes$Abba A. (2009).@Framework for Agricultural Market Analysis: Theories and Applications.@ABU Press Ltd., Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.@Yes$Goetz S. and Weber M. (1986).@Fundamentals of price analysis in developing countries food systems. A training manual to accompany the microcomputer software programme MSTAT.@MSU International working paper No. 29. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, U.S.A.@Yes$Kariuki M.B.J., (2011).@Analysis of Market Performance: A Case of ‘OMENA’ Fish in selected outlets in Kenya.@M.Sc. Thesis, Egerton University.@Yes$FAO (2014).@Rice market Monitor, Vol. XVI issue No. 1, Trade and Market Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.@www.fao.org/3/a-i4147e.@No
<#LINE#>Altitudinal Variation of Bitter Principle of Swertia Chirayita and Its Standardization<#LINE#>Sedai@Chandra Prakash ,Varshney@Vinay Kumar ,Sah@Jit Narayan ,Sah@Anil Kumar  <#LINE#>7-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAFS-2016-015.pdf<#LINE#>Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal@Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Uttarakhand, Dehradun, India@Institute of Forestry, Pokhara Campus, Haryiokhara, Pokhara, Tribhuvan University, Nepal@Annapurna Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal<#LINE#>28/4/2016<#LINE#>26/5/2016<#LINE#>Swertia chirayita was obtained at an altitude of (1750-3250m) and three strata were distinguished on the basis of altitude. The bitterness values at strata 1 (1750-2250m), strata 2 (2251 – 2750m) and Strata 3(2751 – 3250m) was  1.33 %, 1.43% and 1.52% respectively; which shows slightly increasing trend with altitude and the average bitterness principle of the plant samples was 1.42 ± 0.06% . The parameters studied for ash standardization for total ash value, acid insoluble ash, and water soluble ash were 5.05± 0.08 %, 0.72± 0.06% and 0.84± 0.05%, respectively. Extract values; methanol extract 16.06 ± 0.41 % and water extract was 17.11± 2.33%. The thin layer chromatography used for the extraction of powder drug and the presence of bitter compounds was confirmed. This study provide the first data in standardization of Chirayita specifically in western Himalayas of Nepal and revealed the quality and purity of chirayita drugs setting down pharmacopoeia standards for future reference.<#LINE#>Joshi K. and Li J., (2002).@Phylogenetics of Swertia L.(Gentianaceae-Swertiinae) and Molecular Differentiation of Swertia.@1-2.@Yes$Joshi P. and Dhawan V., (2005).@Swertia chirayita – an overview.@Current Science, 89(24), 635-640.@Yes$Shrestha J.K., (2013).@Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Nepalese Populations of Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex Fleming) H. Karst Using RAPD-PCR Technique.@American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 17-28.@Yes$Anonymous. (1976).@The Wealth of India (Vols. X: Sp-w).@New Delhi: CSIR Publications.,77-82.@No$Latif A. and Rehman S., (2014).@Standardization of A Herbal Medicine- Swertia Chirayita Linn.@Pharmacophore, 5(1), 98-108.@Yes$Sayyed M., Khan M., Devanna N., Syed Y.H., and Ansari J.A., (2013).@Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of the whole plant of Swertia chirata and Hemidesmus indicus.@Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biosciences, (4), 141-145.@Yes$Butt B., Srivastva L. and Chand R., (1999).@Chemical Screening of Chirayita (Swertia chirayita) Karst Collections from Himachal Pradesh for Bitter Content Variability.@Ancient Science of Life, 18(3 & 4), 1-4.@Yes$WHO (2011).@Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials.@Malta: WHO 23-31.@Yes$Htttp.www.googleearth.com/March/20013@undefined@undefined@No$Conservation and Management Committee. (2010).@Management Operation Plan. Bhujung U.C.O: Annapurna Conservation Area Project.@4-56.@No$Anonymous. (1986).@The Ayurvedic Pharmacoepia of India India:Department of Ayush.@I. Ministry of Family and Health and Family welfare (1 Edition., Vol. 1 (1) 98-100.@Yes$Siddha C.C. (2007).@HPTLC- Fingerprint atlas of Ayurvedic Single Plant Drugs Mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia.@Volume 1. New Delhi, India: Department of Ayush 1-5.@No$Wagner H. and Bladt S., (1995).@Plant Drug Analysis.@Munchen, Germany: University of Munchen 73-75.@No
<#LINE#>Pulses production in India and Nigeria: Panacea to Food Security<#LINE#>Ahmad@Isah Musa,Kiresur@V.R. <#LINE#>11-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAFS-2016-016.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Agri. Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India@Dept. of Agric. Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Vijayapur, India<#LINE#>4/5/2016<#LINE#>17/5/2016<#LINE#>Pulses are precious leguminous crops especially to those living in semi-arid countries. Its resilience in withstanding poor ecological conditions and its high food and fodder value makes it a commodity that can turn around the fortunes of smallholder farmers and in providing cheapest source of plant protein in both India and Nigeria. A compound growth rate model was used in estimating the trend of area, production and productivity of different types of pulses from the year 1980 to 2015 for both India and Nigeria. The estimated time trend variable revealed a positive trend. However, fluctuations were observed with respect to area, production and productivity of different pulses in both countries, but relatively lower fluctuation in productivity. Furthermore, mean average productivity of soya bean and pulse nes in India was slightly higher than that of Nigeria despite been lower to the world average which was 0.86 ton/ha. In Indian there was accelerative growth trend in area and production of all pulses category but productivity recorded stagnation for black gram and pigeon pea; deceleration for chick pea, green pea and pulse nes; and acceleration for green gram and soya bean. However, in Nigeria, there was deceleration for area and production while acceleration trend for productivity of cowpea dry, soya bean and pulse nes respectively. It conclude that, although area and production trend was decelerating but productivity trend was accelerating in Nigeria, at the same vain, the productivity was slightly lower compared to India. The study therefore, suggest Nigeria need to emphasis the use of high yielding varieties, input and credit support to boost productivity of pulse as major source of cheap plant protein their by improve the nutritional security especially among the Nigerian poor. Likewise, promote diversification into large scale cultivation of pulses such as pigeon pea, chick pea, black and green gram. At the same time, India needs to support research institution to develop higher yielding varieties of pulses, support farmers with inputs, technology and credit towards achieving optimum yield; improving farmer’s income, increasing the local supply of pulses and reducing import, employment opportunities and closing the nutritional security gap in a vegetarian nation.<#LINE#>Uzoechina O.B. (2009).@Nutrient and anti-nutrients potentials of brown pigeon pea (Cajanuscajanvar bicolor) seed flours.@Nigerian Food Journal, 27, 10-16.@No$Apata D.F. and Ologhobo A.D. (1997).@Trypsin inhibitor and the other anti-nutritional factors in tropical legume seeds.@Tropical Science, 37, 52-59.@Yes$Ihekoronye A.I. and Ngoddy P.O. (1985).@Integrated Food Science and Technology for Tropics.@Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London. pp 284.@Yes$Yude C. and Keqin R. (1993).@Centre for Health Statistics Information, Ministry of Public Health, PR China, Li Liandi, The National Cancer Research and Control Office, P, R. China, Beijing; Analysis on the Mortality Pattern and Its Related Factors of the Leading Ten Malignant Tumors in China [J].@Chinese Journal of Health Statistics, 4.@Yes$Jukanti A.K., Gaur P.M., Gowda C.L.L., and Chibbar R.N. (2012).@Nutritional quality and health benefits of chickpea (CicerrietinumL.): A review.@British Journal of Nutrition. 108, S11-S26.@Yes$Borget M. (1992).@Food Legumes.@Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation.@No$Kormawa P.M., Chianu J.N. and Manyong V.M. (2002).@Cowpea demand and supply patterns in West Africa: the case of Nigeria.@Challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production. Fatokun CA, Tarawali SA, Singh BB, Kormawa PM, Tamo M (eds). IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp.375-386.@Yes$Reddy A. Amarender (2004).@Consumption patter, trade and production potential of pulses.@Economic and Political Weekly. 34(44), 4854-4860.@Yes$Food and Agricultural Organisation  (FAO) (2010).@FAO Statistical Data Base.@http://apps.fao.org/,@No$Laxmipathi G.C.L., Srinivasan S., Gaur P.M. and Saxena K.B. (2014).@Enhancing the Productivity and Production of Pulses in India.@undefined@Yes$Ortiz R., (1998).@Cowpeas from Nigeria: a silent food revolution.@Outlook on agriculture, 27(2):125-128.@Yes$Mortimore M.J., Singh B.B., Harris F. and Blade S.F. (1997).@Cowpea in traditionalcropping systems. in Advances in cowpea research, edited by B.B. Singh, D.R. Mohan Raj, K.E. Dashiell, and L.E.N. Jackai.@Copublication of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS). IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.Pages 99–113@Yes$Bressani R. (1985).@Nutritive value of cowpea in Cowpea: research, production and utilization.@, edited by S.R. Singh and K.O. Rachie, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA. Pages 353–360@Yes$Marchenko Y. (2009).@Multiple-imputation Analysis Using Stata’s mi Command.@Presentation given to the 2009 UK Stata Users Group Meeting, London, UK, on September 10., 2009. StataCorp@Yes