@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Pollution due to Heavy Metals in Coimbatore Wetlands, India<#LINE#>Pavithrapriya @S.,Mahimairaja @S.,Sivasubramanian @K. <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-026.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation Research, Anna University, Chennai- 600 025, INDIA@Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, INDIA@Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, INDIA<#LINE#>25/4/2015<#LINE#>16/5/2015<#LINE#>Coimbatore is the second largest industrial city of Tamil Nadu and it is also mentioned as the Manchester of Tamil Nadu. There are plenty of wetlands available in this city and unfortunately these wetlands are now changing to waste lands because of the increasing discharge of effluents from various industries. These effluents further reduce the productivity of soil and it contaminates the natural water bodies as well as ground water. In this study the water samples were collected for heavy metals analysis by using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results from the water analysis revealed that, heavy metal concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were exceeded the permissible limit prescribed for drinking water (WHO standard) and also irrigation standard (FAO). Water samples from 12 wetlands exhibited heavy metal concentration in the following range: Cd - 0.2 to 0.7 mg L-1, Cr- 3 mg L-1 to 518 mg L-1, Cu -1.0 to 98 mg L-1, Ni - 7.0 to 33 mg L-1 and Pb - 0.9 and 3.0 mg L-1 respectively. The results evident that the relative proportion of heavy metals are in an increasing the order of Cr> Cu > Ni >Pb> Cd. This study also delineated the heavy metal contamination in the 12 wetlands of Coimbatore city using ArcGIS 9.3. Finally we conclude that the water in the wetlands is not fit for human and animal consumption.<#LINE#>Rajaganapathy V., Xavier F., Sreekumar D and MandalP. K.@Heavy metal contamination in soil, water andfodder and their presence in livestock and products@J. ofEnviron. Sci. and Technol., 4, 234 – 249 (2011)@Yes$Akpor O.B and Muchie M.@Remediation of heavy metalsin drinking water and Wastewater treatment systems:Processes and applications@International Journal of thePhysical Sciences, 5(12), 1807-1817 (2010)@Yes$Wuana R. A and Okieimen F. E.@Heavy metal incontaminated soils: A Review of sources, chemistry,Risks and best available strategies for remediation@Int.Scholarly Res. Network: Ecol., 10, 1-20 (2011)@Yes$Mahimairaja S., Bolan N.S., Adriano D.C and RobinsonB.@Arsenic contamination and its risk management incomplex environmental settings@Adv. Agron., 86, 1-82(2005)@Yes$Somasundaram J.@Evaluation of sewage sludge coir pithpellets on fodder crops and biotransfer of heavy metal@Ph.D., Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore, (2001)@Yes$Gandhimathi A and Meenambal T.@Analysis of Heavymetal for soil in Coimbatore by using ANN model@European J. of Sci. Res., 68, 462-474 (2012)@Yes$Gandhimathi A and Meenambal T.@Spatial prediction ofheavy metal pollution for soils in Coimbatore, Indiabased on Universal kriging@(As, Hg and Cd), Int. J. ofAdv. Engi. Technol., 2, 410-417 (2011)@Yes$Yu-Bin T.L., Bai-You C., Guey-Shin S and Tsun-Kuo C.@Combining a finite mixture distribution model withindicator kriging to delineate and map the spatial patternsof soil heavy metal pollution in Chunghua County@Environ. Pollu., 158, 235–244 (2010)@Yes$Jackson M.L.@Soil chemical Analysis@Printice Hall ofIndia (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi, 50 (1984)@Yes$WHO@In Guidelines for Drinking -water quality@(3rdeds.), WHO, Geneva, 296-459 (2008)@Yes$FAO@In FAO irrigation and drainage paper@California,USA, 1-10 (1994)@Yes$Mohanraj R., Sathiskumar M.P., Azeez A and SivakumarR.@Pollution status of wetlands in urban Coimbatore@Tamil Nadu, Bull. Environ. Contamination Toxiocology,64, 638-643 (2000)@Yes$Malarkodi M., Krishnasamy R., Kumaraperumal R andChideshwari T.@Characterization of Heavy metalContaminated soils of Coimbatore District in TamilNadu@Journal of Agronomy, 6, 147-151 (2007)@Yes$Tiller K.G.@Soil contamination Issues: past, present andfuture@a personal perpective, In Contaminants and thesoil environment in the Australia- Pacific Region, 12, 1-26 (1996)@Yes
<#LINE#>Prevalence and Adoption of Agroforestry Technologies and Practices in Semi-Arid Regions of West-Pokot County, Kenya<#LINE#>Mandila @B.,Hitimana @J.,Kiplagat @A.,Mengich @E.,Wekesa @T. <#LINE#>6-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-028.pdf<#LINE#>School of Natural Resource and Environmental Management, University of Kabianga, 2030-20200, Kericho, KENYA@School of Natural Resource and Environmental Management, University of Kabianga, 2030-20200, Kericho, KENYA@School of Environmental Studies, University of Eldoret, 1125-30100, Eldoret, KENYA@Kenya Forestry Research Institute, 382-20202, Londiani, KENYA @School of Natural Resource Management, University of Eldoret, 1125-30100, Eldoret, KENYA <#LINE#>28/4/2015<#LINE#>16/5/2015<#LINE#>Apart from being few, studies on agroforestry in ASALs have failed to consider different categories of farmers depending on the number of years they have practiced the technology. This has led to scanty information to the advocators of agroforestry and individual farmers in need of agroforestry information. This study therefore determined effective agroforestry technologies suitable for Kenya’s ASALs based on the prevalence and adoption levels in Chepareria and Lelan sub-locations of West-Pokot County. The study employed independent group research design. A total of 181 households were selected (90 in Chepareria and 91 in Lelan from a target population of 2199 households). Data was collected through questionnaires, key informants drawn from field officers and contact farmers, and direct field observation. Mann-Whitney U test and kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze data with the aim of determining significant differences between and among independent groups. The results indicated that most common agroforestry technologies include boundary tree planting, home-garden, woodlot, scattered trees, alley cropping, and fodder bank. The six technologies across the study area were dominated by boundary tree planting (Chepareria 63.4%, Lelan 68%). However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of agroforestry technologies between the sub-locations (U = 1685, d.f= 1, N= 181, P= 0.378). In addition, the difference in the adoption levels of the six technologies between the sub-locations was statistically insignificant (U = 3196.500, N= 181, d.f 1, P > 0.05). However, kruskal Wallis test indicated significant difference within adoption levels in sub-location [(Chepareria ?2= 312.132, d.f =5, N = 90, P =.0000), (Lelan ?2 =145.674, d.f = 5, N = 91, P=.0000)]. At the adopters’ level, boundary planting had a significantly higher number of households as compared to any other technology. In this regard, extension officers need to organize for training to create awareness and empower farmers on least prevalent and non-adopted technologies.<#LINE#>Manyeki J., Kubasu D., Kirwa E. and Mnene N.@Assessment of Socio-Economic Factors InfluencingAdoption of Natural Pastures Improvement Technologiesin Arid And Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya@LivestockResearch for Rural Development, 25(11), (2013)@Yes$Bogdanski A.@Integrated Food–Energy Systems forClimate-Smart Agriculture@Agriculture and FoodSecurity, 1(9), 1-9 (2012)@Yes$Kyule N., Konyango J. and Nkurumwa O.@Promoting Evergreen Agriculture among Secondary Schools in Aridand Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya@International Journal ofScientific Research and Innovative Technology, 2(3), 1-8(2015)@Yes$Coe R., Sinclair F. and Barrios E.@Scaling upAgroforestry Requires Research ‘in’ Rather than ‘For’Development@Current Opinion in EnvironmentalSustainability, 6(4), 73–77 (2014)@Yes$Johansson K., Axelsson R. and Kimanzu N.@Mapping theRelationship of Inter-Village Variation in AgroforestryTree Survival with Social and Ecological Characteristics:The Case of the Vi Agroforestry Project@Mara Region,Tanzania, Sustainability, 5(12), 5171-5194 (2013)@Yes$Jerneck A and Olsson L@More than Trees!Understanding the Agroforestry Adoption Gap inSubsistence Farming: Insights from Narrative Walks inKenya@Journal of Rural Studies, 32,114-125 (2013)@Yes$Parwada C., Gadzirayi T., Karvina C. and Munyati V.@A Review of Agro-Forestry Technologies Adoption amongSmall-Holder Farmers in Zimbabwe@Journal ofSustainable Development Studies, 1(1), 68-92 (2012)@Yes$Öborn I., Kuyah S., Jonsson M., Dahlin A., Mwangi H.and de Leeuw J.@Landscape-Level Constraints andOpportunities for Sustainable Intensification inSmallholder Systems in the Tropics@In Minang, P. A.,van Noordwijk, M., Freeman, O. E., Mbow, C., deLeeuw, J., and Catacutan, D. (Eds.) Climate-SmartLandscapes: Multifunctionality in Practice, 163-177,Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF),(2015)@Yes$Bishaw B., Neufeldt H., Mowo J., Abdelkadir A.,Muriuki J., Gemedo D., Tewodros A., Guillozet K.,Habtemariam K., Dawson I., Eike L. and Cheikh M.@Farmers’ Strategies for Adapting to and MitigatingClimate Variability and Change through Agroforestry inEthiopia and Kenya@Oregon State University, Corvallis,Oregon, (2013)@Yes$Van der Horst D., Vermeylen S. and Kuntashula E.@The Hedgification of Maizescapes? Scalability andMultifunctionality of Jatropha curcas Hedges in a MixedFarming Landscape in Zambia@Ecology and Society,19(2), 48-58 (2014)@Yes$Dharmasena P. and Bhat M.@Economic Analysis ofMultipurpose Agroforestry Plantation in Abandoned TeaLands in Mid Country of Sri Lanka@Journal ofAgricultural Research, 50(2), 271-278 (2012)@Yes$Buyinza J., Agaba H., Ongodia G., Eryau K., Sekatuba J.,Kalanzi F., Kwaga P., Mudondo S. and Nansereko S.@On-farm Conservation and Use Values of IndigenousTrees Species in Uganda@Res. J. Agriculture andForestry Sci, 3(3), 19-25 (2015)@No$Jyoti A., Kumar M. and Kumar R.@Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): An Alternative ofChemical Fertilizer for Sustainable@EnvironmentFriendly Agriculture, Res. J. Agriculture and ForestrySci, 1(4), 21-23 (2013)@Yes$Ojeleye O., Fadiji T. and Adebisi O.@Influence ofProductivity Enhancing Farm Practices on FarmersIncome in the Nigerian Sudan Savanna@Res. J.Agriculture and Forestry Sci, 2(10), 1-4 (2014)@No$Mutonyi S. and Fungo B.@Patterns of AgroforestryPractices among Small-Holder Farmers in the LakeVictoria Crescent Zone (LVCAEZ) of Uganda@ResearchJournal of Applied Sciences, 6(4), 251-257 (2011)@Yes$Chandra K., Sharma D.K., Meher L.C., Kulkarni A.V.and Nasim M.@Studies of Feasibility of Intercropping ofCamelina sativa in Jatropha Plantation in Semi: AridClimate in Andhra Pradesh@India, Res. J. Agricultureand Forestry Sci, 2(2), 23-26 (2014)@No$Parvatiya V.@Agroforestry: A way to Conserve MPTs inNorth Western Himalaya@Res. J. Agriculture andForestry Sci, 1(9), 8-13 (2013)@Yes$Kelly S.@Literature Review on the Diffusion ofInnovations and Best Practice for Technology Transfer@New Zealand: Environmental Science and ResearchLimited, (2012)@No$Lukuyu B., Place F., Franzel S. and Kiptot E.@Disseminating Improved Practices: Are VolunteerFarmer Trainers Effective?@Journal of AgriculturalEducation and Extension, 18(5), 525-540 (2012)@Yes$Buttoud G., Ajayi O., Detlefsen G., Place F. andTorquebiau E.@Advancing Agroforestry on the PolicyAgenda: A Guide For Decision@Agroforestry WorkingPaper no. 1. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations, (2013)@Yes
<#LINE#>To Estimate the Trend Scenario of Selected Inputs and Outputs of Agricultural Sector in Haryana, India<#LINE#>Sangeeta@Sangeeta,Bala@Kiran  <#LINE#>16-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-032.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. Senior Secondary school, Madanakalan, Jhajjar, Haryana, INDIA@Department of Economic’s, Central University of Haryana, Mahindergarh, INDIA<#LINE#>14/4/2015<#LINE#>19/5/2015<#LINE#>Agriculture plays an important role where man learnt to practice as a means of living and way of life. Indian agriculture is undergoing rapid transformation since the introduction of green revolution technology. Farmers were cultivating varieties of crop on a piece of land and undertaking several enterprises on their farm portfolio. The significant role of agriculture in nation building all over the world cannot be overemphasized. Thus the present study tries to estimate the trend scenario of selected inputs and outputs agricultural sector in Haryana and the study is based on secondary data collected from different published issues of ‘Statistical Abstracts of Haryana’ for the selected period . The results of the study have been complied by compound growth rates. The present study revealed that two common crops that is Gram and Groundnut showing the negative trends both in production and productivity and all the remaining crops expect (production of Maize and Massar and productivity of Moong) have shown positive growth rates. These shows that production and productivity of some crops increased due to adoption of new technology, farmer’s more attention towards competition crops and positive contribution of these inputs like electricity, fertilizers, HYV area of Bajra, Rice, Wheat, Irrigation area and Tractors.<#LINE#>Naz Huma and Parihar@Role of Regional Rural Banks inJammu and Kashmir@International journal of Humanitiesand Social Sciences Invention, 3(6), 09-11, (2014)@No$Mallikarjuna K.G@Financing Agriculture by institutionalsources@International Journal of Physical and socialSciences, 3(10), 81-94 (2013)@Yes$Ebong V.O and Edet Glory E.@Evaluation of AgriculturalLoan Utilization by Cooperative Farmers in Ubium LocalGovernment Area Ibom State@Nigeria, Advanced Journalof Agricultural Research, 2(8), 131-139 (2014)@No$Siddaraju V.G@Growth of Agriculture Sector in India – ATime for New Thinking@International Global ResearchAnalysis, 2(7), 46-47 (2013)@Yes$Singh Rajvir, Shahi Sudhir Kumar, Mishra D.J. andMishra U.K.@Emerging Trends in Indian Agriculture: AReview@Research journal of Recent Sciences, 2(ISC-2012), 36-38 (2013)@No$Saikia Surajit@A Review of Agricultural Diversificationin context of India and Assam@International Journal ofResearch in Social Sciences, 2(4), 282-296, (2012)@Yes$Ingle P.M., Shinde S.E., Mane M.S., Thoka R.T. andAyare B.L.@Performance Evaluation of a MinorIrrigation Scheme@Research Journal of Recent Sciences,4(ISC-2014), 19-24 (2015)@No$Gupta Hrideshwer@Organic Farming and Horticulture:New Dimensions of Agriculture Development in MP@India, International Research Journal of Social Science,2(7), 14-18, (2013)@No$Datt Ruddar and Sundharam K.P.M@Indian Economy@Published by S. Chand and Company, New Delhi, 488,(2006)@Yes$Aher D.K.@Effective Communication modes Increasesyield of Groundnut in Rural Agriculture of KalwanTahsil of Nashik District@Maharashtra, India,International Research Journal of Social Science, 3(ISC-2013), 6-8 (2014)@Yes$Mishra S.K and Puri V.K@Indian Economy@Published byHimalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, 233, (2011)@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Furniture production-Mechanisation and Work Procedure Layouts<#LINE#>mundotiya@Anil ,dash@Ranjeeta ,Badoni @S.P.  <#LINE#>19-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-025.pdf<#LINE#>Room No. 54, Shisham Hostel, Forest Research Institute, New Forest Dehradun, 248006, INDIA @Room No. 54, Shisham Hostel, Forest Research Institute, New Forest Dehradun, 248006, INDIA @Room No. 54, Shisham Hostel, Forest Research Institute, New Forest Dehradun, 248006, INDIA <#LINE#>16/4/2015<#LINE#>25/5/2015<#LINE#>The present paper stresses the need for the incorporation of mechanisation and associated workshop essentials to improve qualitative and quantative output of furniture products and associated components. There is now a demand for globalised technological frameworks for developing countries too who are poorly organised and lack research and development inputs with respect to their main materials and products.<#LINE#>Rajender Singh@Introduction to Basic ManufacturingProcesses and Workshop Technology@30, ISBN, (13),978-81-224-2316-7, (2006)@Yes$Rajender singh@Introduction to Basic ManufacturingProcesses and Workshop Technology@32-37, ISBN (13),978-81-224-2316-7, (2006)@Yes$UNIDO@Furniture and joinery industries for developingcountries@chap 16, New York, 138-141, (1997)@Yes$UNIDO@Furniture and joinery industries for developingcountries@chap 15, Technical product design (UNIDO),New York, 105-127 (1997)@Yes$Hewitt-Dundas N. and Roper S.@Strategic complexityand success- small firms’ strategies in a mature market@Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,8, 24, 275-285 (2001)@Yes$Porter M.E.@Competitive Strategy@Free Press, NewYork, (1980)@Yes$Pavitt K.@Patterns of Technical Change: Towards aTaxonomy and a Theory@Research Policy, 13, 6, 343-73(1984)@Yes$Florio M., Peracchi F. and Sckokai P.@MarketOrganization and Propagation of Shocks: The FurnitureIndustry in Germany and Italy@Small BusinessEconomics, 11, 169–182 (1998)@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Harnessing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) for Quality Seedling Production<#LINE#>R.@Ajeesh ,Kumar@Vikas ,A.V.@Santoshkumar ,Gopal K@Surendra  <#LINE#>22-40<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-031.pdf<#LINE#>College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA @College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA @College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA @College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>8/5/2015<#LINE#>31/5/2015<#LINE#>Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), a group of obligate biotrophic fungi belonging to the Phylum Glomeromycota are among the oldest fungi in terrestrial systems on earth. Symbiotic associations of AMF and plant roots are widespread in the natural environment and can provide a range of benefits to the host plant. These include improved nutrition, enhanced resistance to soil-borne pests and disease, improved resistance to drought, tolerance of heavy metals and better soil structure. AMF is an unexploited potential biofertilizer in forest nurseries which can be utilized for quality tree seedling production. In many forest tree seedlings the inoculation of AMF was found beneficial, resulting in seedlings of higher quality. The high percentage of root colonization in AMF treated seedlings is found to be directly correlated with an improved growth and physiology. Presence of AMF significantly increases root surface area by production of extensive hyphae, increase transpiration, reduce leaf temperature and restrain the decomposition of chlorophyll. The AMF host obtains maximum benefit when the mineral nutrient regime is least favourable for growth. Hyphae work as conduits that transport carbon from plant roots to other soil organisms involved in nutrient cycling processes.<#LINE#>Jeffries P., Gianinazzi S., Perotto S., Turnau K. and Barea J.M.@The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility@Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37,1-16 (2003)@Yes$Cordier C., Pozo M.J., Barea J.M., Gianinazzi S. and Gianinazzi-Pearson S.@Cell defence responses associated with localized and systematic resistance to Phytophthora parasitica induced by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus@Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 11,1017-1028(1998)@Yes$Morin C., Samson J. and Dessureault M.@Protection of black spruce seedlings against Cylindrocladium root rot with ectomycorrhizal fungi@Canadium Journal of Botany, 77, 169-174 (1999)@Yes$Odebode A.C., Salami A.O. and Osonubi O.@Oxidative enzymes activities of mycorrhizal inoculated pepper plant infected with phytophthora infestans@Arch. Phytopath. Pflanz, 33, 473-480 (2001)@Yes$Killani@Biological control of root and soil borne fungal pathogens of cowpea (Vigna Unguilata Walp L.) isolated from Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria@PhD Thesis, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, 201-209 (2010)@Yes$Simard S.W., Perry D.A., Jones M.D., Myrold D.D., Durall D.M. and Molina R.@Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field, Nature@388, 579-582 (1997)@Yes$Abiala1 M.A., Popoola1 O.O., Olawuyi1 O.J., Oyelude1 J.O., Akanmu1 A.O., Killani A.S., Osonubi O. and Odebode A.C.@Harnessing the Potentials of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi to Plant Growth: A Review@Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 14(2), 61-79(2013)@Yes$Schubler A.@Glomeromycota@link Taxonomy, Online: http://schuessler.userweb.mwn.de/amhylo/amphylogeny.html, (2013)@Yes$Rosendahl S.@Communities, populations and individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi@New Phytologist, 178(2),253-266 (2008)@Yes$Frank A.B.@Ueber die auf Wurzelsymbiose beruhende Ernahrung gewisser Baume durch unterirdische Pilze@Ber Dtsch Bot Ges., 3,128–145 (1885)@Yes$Nageli C.@Pilze im Innern von Zellen@Linnaea, 16, 278–285 (1842)@Yes$Kelley A.P.@The concept of mycorrhiza@Mycologia, 23, 147–151 (1931)@Yes$Kelley A.P.@Mycotrophy in plants@Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Mass (1950)@Yes$Frank A.B.@Ueber neue Mycorrhiza-formen@Ber Dtsch Bot Ges., 5, 395-409 (1887)@Yes$Janse J.M.@Les endophytes radicaux de quelques plantes Javanaises@Ann Jardin Bot Buitenzorg, 14, 53–201 (1897)@Yes$Gallaud J.@Etude sur les mycorrhizes endotrophes@Rev Gen Bot., 17, 5–48, 66–83, 123–136, 223–249, 313–325,425–433, 479–500 (1905)@Yes$Phillips J.M. and Hayman D.S.@Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection@Trans Br Mycol Soc., 55, 158-160 (1970)@Yes$McGonigle T.P., Miller M.H., Evans D.G., Fairchild G.L. and Swan J.A.@A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi@New Phytol., 115, 495–501 (1990)@Yes$Nicholls V.O.@Studies on the association between certain soil fungi and the roots of some members of the Liliiflorae@PhD dissertation, Department of Botany, University of Bristol (1952)@Yes$Mosse B.@Fructifications associated with mycorrhizal strawberry roots@Nature 171, 974 (1953)@Yes$Nicolson T.H. and Gerdemann J.W.@Mycorrhizal Endogone species@Mycologia, 60, 313–325 (1968)@Yes$Sanders F.E., Mosse B. and Tinker P.B. (eds)@Endomycorrhizas. Proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Leeds@22–25 July 1974, Academic Press, London (1975)@Yes$Dangeard P.A.@Une maladie du peuplier dans l’ouest de  la France@Botaniste, 58, 38–43 (1896)@Yes$Dangeard P.A.@Le Rhizophagus populinus, Botaniste@7, 285–287 (1900)@Yes$Gerdemann J.W.@Relation of a large soil borne spore to phycomycetous mycorrhizal infections@Mycologia, 47,619–632 (1955)@Yes$Gerdemann J.W. and Nicolson T.H.@Spores of mycorrhizal Endogones pecies extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting@Trans Br Mycol Soc., 46, 235–244(1963)@Yes$Schubler A., Schwarzott D. and Walker C.@A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution@Mycol Res., 105, 1413–1421 (2001)@Yes$Rayner M.C.@Mycorrhiza@New Phytol., 25,1–50, 65–108, 171-190, 248–263, 338–372, 26, 22–45, 85–114(1926–1927)@Yes$Nicolson T.H.@Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza auniversal plant symbiosis. Science Progress@Oxford 55, 561–581 (1967)@Yes$Gerdemann J.W.@Fungi that form the vesicular arbuscular type of endomycorrhiza. In: Hacskaylo@E.(ed), Mycorrhizae, Proceedings of the first north American conference on mycorrhizae, USDA Misc Publ., 1189, 9–18 (1971)@Yes$Francis R. and Read D.J.@The contributions of mycorrhizal fungi to the determination of plant community structure@In: Robson, A.D., Abbott, L.K. and Malajczuk, N.(eds), Management of mycorrhizas in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, Kluwer, Dor-drecht,(1984)@Yes$Mosse B.@Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza@IV, In soil given additional phosphate, New Phytol, 72,127–136 (1973)@Yes$Peng S., Eissenstat D.M., Graham J.H., Williams K. and Hodge N.C.@Growth depression in mycorrhizal Citrus at high phosphorus supply@Plant Physiol, 101, 1063–1071 (1993)@Yes$Modjo H.S. and Hendrix J.W.@The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus macro carpum as a cause of tobacco stunt disease@Phytopa theology, 76, 688–691 (1986)@Yes$Mosse B.@Growth and chemical composition of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal apples@Nature, 179, 922 (1957)@Yes$Baylis G.T.S.@Effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on growth of Griselinialittoralis (Cornaceae)@New Phytol., 58, 274 (1959)@Yes$Baylis G.T.S.@Root hairs and phycomycetous mycorrhizas in phosphorus deficient soil@Plant Soil, 33, 713–716 (1970)@Yes$Baylis G.T.S.@Fungi, phosphorus and thee volution of root systems@Search, 3, 257–259 (1972)@Yes$Bowen G.D. and Rovira A.D.@The influence of micro organisms on growth and metabolism on plant roots@In: Witting ton, W.J.(ed). Root growth, Butterworth, London, 170–199 (1968)@Yes$Gilmore A.E.@The influence of endotrophic mycorrhizae on the growth of peach seedlings@J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 96, 35 (1971)@Yes$Ross J.P. and Harper J.A.@Effect of Endogone mycorrhiza on soybean yields, Phytopathology@60, 1552–1556 (1970)@Yes$Peyronel B.@Prime osservazioni sui rapport tra luce e simbiosi micorrizica@Annuar, Lab, Chanousia Giardino Botanico dell’ Ordine Mauizianaal Piccolo San Bernardo, 4, 3–19 (1940)@Yes$Peuss H.@Untersuchungen zur Ökologie und Bedeutung der Tabakmycorrhiza@Arch Microbio., l29, 112–142 (1958)@Yes$Menge J.A., Lembright H. and Johnson E.L.V.@Utilization of mycorrhizal fungi in citrus nurseries@Proc Int Soc Citriculture, 1,129–132 (1977)@Yes$Berta G., Fusconi A., Trotta A. and Scannerini S.@Morphogenetic modifications induced by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomuss train E3 on the root system of Allium porrum L.@New Phytol., 114, 207–216 (1990)@Yes$Berta G., Tagliasacchi A.M., Fusconi A., Gerlero D., Trotta A. and Scannerini S.@The mitotic cycle in root apical meristem of Allium porrum L. is controlled by the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. Strain E3@Protoplasma, 161, 12–16 (1991)@Yes$McArthur D.A.J. and Knowles N.R.@Resistance responses of potato to vesicularar buscular mycorrhizal fungi under varying abiotic phosphorus levels@Plant Physiol., 100, 341–351 (1992)@Yes$Besmer Y.L. and Koide R.T.@Effect of mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus on ethylene production by snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) flowers@Mycorrhiza, 9, 161–166 (1999)@Yes$Warner A., Mosse B. and Dingemann L.@The nutrient film technique for inoculums production@In: Molina, R.(ed). Proceedings of the 6th North American conference on Mycorrhizae, Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Ore., 85–86 (1985)@Yes$Hung L.L. and Sylvia D.M.@VAM inoculums production in aeroponic culture@In: Sylvia, D.M., Hung, L.L. and Graham, J.H.(eds), Mycorrhizae in the next decade, practical applications and research priorities. 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A comparison of incidence of mycorrhizae in severely disturbed vs. Natural environments@American Journal of Botany, 66, 6–1(1979)@Yes$Brundrett M.C.@Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants@New Phytologist, 154(2), 275-304 (2002)@Yes$Redecker D., Kodner R. and Graham L.E.@Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician@Science, 289(5486), 1920-1921 (2000)@Yes$Wang B. and Qiu Y.L.@Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants@Mycorrhiza, 16(5), 299-363 (2006)@Yes$Finlay R.D.@Ecological aspects of mycorrhizal symbiosis: with special emphasis on the functional diversity of interactions involving the extraradical mycelium@J Exp Bot, 59, 1115–1126 (2008)@Yes$Ruissen M.A.@Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Norwegian agriculture: a pilot study@Agarica, 33, 117-123 (2013a)@Yes$Ruissen T.@Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their ecological roles: a review with a Norwegian perspective@Agarica, 33, 105-116 (2013b)@Yes$Barrett G., Campbell C.D., Fitter A.H. and Hodge A.@The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus hoi can capture and transfer nitrogen from organic patches to its associated host plant at low temperature@Applied Soil Ecology, 48(1), 102-105 (2011)@Yes$Tobar R.M., Azcon R. and Barea J.M.@The Improvement of Plant N Acquisition from an Ammonium-Treated, Drought-Stressed Soil by the Fungal Symbiont in Arbuscular Mycorrhizae@Mycorrhiza, 4(3), 105-108 (1994)@Yes$Gianinazzi S., Gollotte A., M. 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Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne de Botanique@82(8), 1198-1227 (2004)@Yes$Garmendia I., Aguirreolea J. and Goicoechea N.@Defence-related enzymes in pepper roots during interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or Verticillium dahlia@Biocontrol, 51(3), 293-310 (2006)@Yes$Li B., Ravnskov S., Xie G.L. and Larsen J.@Biocontrol of Pythium damping-off in cucumber by arbuscular mycorrhiza-associated bacteria from the genus Paenibacillus@Biocontrol, 52(6), 863-875 (2007)@Yes$Giovannetti M., Azzolini D. and Citernesi A.S.@Anastomosis formation and nuclear and protoplasmic exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(12), 5571-5575 (1999)@Yes$Croll D., Giovannetti M., Koch A.M., Sbrana C., Ehinger M., Lammers P.J. and Sanders, I.R.@Nonself vegetative fusion and genetic exchange in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices@New Phytologist, 181(4), 924-937 (2009)@Yes$Angelard C., Colard A., Niculita-Hirzel H., Croll D. and Sanders I.R.@Segregation in a Mycorrhizal Fungus Alters Rice Growth and Symbiosis- Specific Gene Transcription@Current Biology, 20(13), 1216-1221 (2010)@Yes$Angelard C. and Sanders I.R.@Effect of segregation and genetic exchange on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in colonization of roots@New Phytologist, 189(3),652-657 (2011)@Yes$Ehinger M.O., Croll D., Koch A.M. and Sanders I.R.@Significant genetic and phenotypic changes arising from clonal growth of a single spore of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus over multiple generations@New Phytologist, 196(3), 853-861 (2012)@Yes$Walder F., Niemann H., Natarajan M., Lehmann M.F., Boller T. and Wiemken A.@Mycorrhizal Networks: Common Goods of Plants Shared under Unequal Terms of Trade@Plant Physiology, 159(2),789-797 (2012)@Yes$Davison J., Öpik M., Daniell T.J., Moora M. and Zobel M.@Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in plant roots are not random assemblages@FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 78(1), 103-115 (2011)@Yes$Davison J., Öpik M., Zobel M., Vasar M., Metsis M. and Moora M.@Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi detected in forest soil are spatially heterogeneous but do not vary throughout the growing season@Plos One 7(8) Open Access DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.- 0041938 (2012)@Yes$Rinaudo V., Barberi P., Giovannetti M. and Van der Heijden M.G.A.@Mycorrhizal fungi suppress aggressive agricultural weeds@Plant and Soil, 333(1-2),7-20 (2010)@Yes$Veiga R.S.L., Jansa J., Frossard E. and Van der Heijden M.G.A.@Can Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce the Growth of Agricultural Weeds?@Plos One 6(12) Open Access DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone, 0027825 (2011)@Yes$Marler M.J., Zabinski C.A. and Callaway R.M.@Mycorrhizae indirectly enhance competitive effects of an invasive for on a native bunchgrass@Ecology, 80(4), 1180-1186 (1999)@Yes$Sykorova Z., Ineichen K., Wiemken A. and Redecker D.@The cultivation bias: different communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi detected in roots from the field, from bait plants transplanted to the field, and from a greenhouse trap experiment@Mycorrhiza, 18(1), 1-14 (2007)@Yes$Mortier F., Tacon F. and Garbaye J.@Effects of inoculum type and inoculation dose on ectomycorrhizal development, root necrosis and growth of Douglas fir seedlings inoculated with Laccaria laccata in a nursery@Ann. 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For., 45, 301-310 (1988)@Yes$Raaijmakers J.M., Leeman M., van Oorschot M.M.P., van der Sluis, I., Schippers, B., Bakker, A.H.M.@Doseresponse relationships in biological control of fusarium wilt of radish by Pseudomonas spp@Phytopathology, 85, 1075-1081 (1995)@Yes$Chin-A-Woeng T.F.C., de Priester W., van der Bij A.J. and Lugtenberg B.J.J.@Description of the colonization of agnotobiotic tomato rhizosphere by Pseudomonas fluorescens bio-control strain WC365, using scanning electron microscopy@Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 10,79-86 (1997)@Yes$Bull C.T., Weller D.M. and Thomashow L.S.@Relationship between root colonization and suppression of Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici by Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida@Phytopathology, 81, 954-959 (1991)@Yes$Kapulnik Y., Okon Y. and Henis Y.@Changes in root morphology of wheat caused by Azospirillum inoculation@Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 31, 881- 887 (1985)@Yes$Bashan Y., Moreno M. and Troyo E.@Growth promotion of the oilseed halophyte Salicornia bigelovii in seawater inoculated with mangrove rhizosphere bacteria and Azospirillu@Biol. 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Plant Prot., 38(1), 19-30 (2005)@Yes$Eissenstat D.M., Graham J.H., Syvertsen J.P. and Drouiu D.L.@AIlD: Carbon economy of sour orange in relation to mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus status@Annals of Botany, 71, 1-10 (1993)@Yes$Rathore V., Shekhawat N.S., Singh R.P., Rathore J.S. and Dagla H.R.@Cloning of adult trees of jamun (Syzygium cuminii)@Indian J Biotechnol, 3, 241–245 (2004)@Yes$Mathur N. and Vyas A.@Influence of VA Mycorrhizae on Net Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Ziziphus mauritiana@J. 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Effect of light and temperature@New Phytol, 73, 71–80 (1974)@Yes$Mikanova, O., Kubat, J., Mikhalovskoya, N. and Biro, B.@Influence of heavy metal pollution on some biological parameters in the alluvium of the Litavka river@Rostlinna Vyroba, 47(3), 117-122 (2001)@Yes$Menge J., Steirle D., Bagyaraj D.J., Johnson E.L.V. and Leonard R.T.@Phosphorus concentration in plants responsible for inhibition of mycorrhizal infection@New Phytol., 80, 575 (1978)@Yes$Shekhawat N.S., Rathore T.S., Singh R.P., Deora N.S. and Rao S.R.@Factors affecting in vitro cloning of Prosopis cineraria@Plant Growth Regul., 12, 273–280 (1993)@Yes$Shekhawat N.S., Singh R.P., Deora N.S., Kaul G., Kotwal R.C. and Choudhary N.@Micropropagation of plants of stressed ecosystems@In: Shrivastava, P.S., editor. Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology: Application and prospects. New Delhi: Narosa, 579–586 (1998)@Yes$Ferguson J.J.@Inoculum production and field application of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi@PhD. Thesis, University of California, Riverside, (1981)@Yes$Mago P. and Mukerji K.G.@Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in Lamiaceae. I. Seasonal variation in some members@Phytomorphology, 44, 83-88 (1994)@Yes$Kruckelmann H.W.@Effect of fertilizers, soils, soil tillage and plant species on the frequency of Endogone chlamydospores and mycorrhizal infections in arable soils@In: Endomycorrhizas. (eds. Sanders, F.E., Mosse, B. And Tinker, P.B.). Academic Press, London, 511 (1975)@Yes$Schenck N.C. and Kinloch R.A.@Incidence of mycorrhizal fungi on six field crops in monoculture on a newly cleared woodland site@Mycologia, 72, 445 (1980)@Yes$Hiltner L.@Über neuere Erfahrungen und Probleme auf dem Gebiete der Bodenbakteriologie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gründüngung und Brache@Arbeiten der Deutschen Landwirtschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 98, 59–78 (1904)@Yes$Smith S.E. and Walker N.A.@A quantitative study of mycorrhizal infection in Trifolium: separate determination of the rates of infection and of mycelial growth@New Phytol., 89, 225-240 (1981)@Yes$Requena N., Serrano E., Oco’n E. and Magdalene B.@Plant signals and fungal perception during arbuscular mycorrhiza establishment@Phytochemistry, 68, 33-40 (2007)@Yes$Rose S.L., Perry D.A., Pilz D. and Schoeneberger M.M.@Allelopathic effects of litter on the growth and colonization of mycorrhizal fungi@J. Chem. Ecol. 9,1153-1162 (1983)@Yes$Quatrini P., Scaglione G., Incannella G., Badalucco L., Puglia A.M. and Mantia T.La.@Microbial inoculants on woody legumes to recover a municipal landfill site@Water Air Sea Poll., 3, 189–199 (2003)@Yes$Sharma M.P., Bhatia N.P. and Adholeya A.@Mycorrhizal dependency and growth responses of Acacia nilotica and Albizzia lebbeck to inoculation by indigenous AM fungi as influenced by available soil P levels in a semi-arid Alfisol wasteland@New Forests, 21, 89–104 (2001)@Yes$Laurent F.M., Leea, S.K., Thama F.Y., Jiea He and Diemc H.G.@Aeroponic production of Acacia mangium saplings inoculated with AM fungi for reforestation in the tropics@Forest Ecology and Management, 122, 199-207 (1999)@Yes$Udaiyan K., Sugavanam V. and Manian S.@Growth response of wattle (Acacia mearnsii) seedlings to phosphorus fertilization and inoculations with Glomus desertifolia and Rhizobium sp. in non-sterile soil, J. trop. 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Selection of efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of cashew and their application in the cashew nursery@Scientia Horticulturae, 100, 369–375 (2004)@Yes$Piao He C., Liu Cong Q. and Wang Shi Jie.@Isotopic evaluation of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the nitrogen preference in Chinese fir seedlings@Pedobiologia, 55, 167-174 (2012)@Yes$Raj Harender and Sharma S.D.@Combination of soil solarization, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and Azotobacter chrococcum for the management of seedling wilt of citrus@Indian Phytopathology, 63(3), 282-285 (2010)@Yes$Wu Q.S., Srivastava A.K. and Zou Y.N.@AMF-induced tolerance to drought stress in citrus: a review@Sci. Hortic., 164,77–87 (2013)@Yes$Singh A.K., Chand S., Pattnaik S. and Chand P.K.@Adventitious shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb, a timberyielding tree legume@Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 68, 203–209 (2002)@Yes$Sharma M.P. and Adholeya A.@Response of Eucalyptus tereticornis to inoculation with indigenous AM fungi in a semiarid alfisol achieved with different concentrations of available soil P@Microbiol. Res., 154, 349-354 (2000)@Yes$Koffa S.N. and De-La-Cruz R.E.@Green house performance of VAM inoculated seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de wit. In a phosphorus-deficient and aluminium sulphate treated medium@New Forest, 9,273-279 (1995)@Yes$Sorianoa A.P., Mart&#305;na M.L.S., Piedraa A.P. and Azconb R.@Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions@Journal of Plant Physiology, 166, 1350-1359 (2009)@Yes$Abbaspour H., Saeidi-Sar S. and Afshari H.@Improving drought tolerance of Pistacia vera L. seedlings by arbuscular mycorrhiza under greenhouse conditions@Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, 7065-7072 (2011)@Yes$Venkatesh A., Mallika V., Vanangamudi K., Ravichandran V. and Rai R.S.V.@Impact of biofertilizers on morpho-physiological attributes in pongam (Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre) seedlings@Trop. Agric. Res. Ext. 1, 7-11 (1998)@Yes$Vallejoa V.E., Arbeli Z., Terán W., Lorenz N., Dick R.P. and Roldan F.@Effect of land management and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC trees on soil microbial community and enzymatic activities in intensive silvopastoral systems of Colombia@Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 150, 139–148 (2012)@Yes$Binu N.K., Ashokan P.K. and Balasundaran M.@Influence of different Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and shade on the growth of sandal (Santalum album Linn.) seedlings@Journal of Tropical Forest science, 27(2), 158-165 (2015)@Yes$Durga V.V.K. and Gupta S.@Effect of vescicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth and mineral nutrition of teak (Tectona grandis)@Indian Forester, 121, 518-529 (1995)@Yes$Lerat S., Lapointe L., Piche Y. and Vierheilig H.@Variable carbon-sink strength of different Glomus mosseae strains colonizing barley roots@Can. J. Bot., 81, 886–889 (2003)@Yes$Fitter A.H.@Specificity, links and networks in the control of diversity in plant and microbial communities@Ecology. Achievement and Challenge (ed. M. C. Press, N. J. Hontly & S. Levin), pp. 95-114. 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Intercropping on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Relation to VA Mycorrhizae and Soil Fertility@Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, 54, 331-334 (1993)@Yes$Douds D.D. and Millner P.@Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems@Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 74, 77–93 (1999)@Yes$Jordan N.R., Zhang J. and Huerd S.@Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Potential roles in weed management@Weed Research, 40, 397–400 (2000)@Yes$Veeraswamy J., Padmavathi T. and Venkateswarlu K.@Effect of selected insecticides on plant growth and mycorrhizal development in sorghum@Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 43, 337–343 (1993)@Yes$Pattinson G.S., Warton D.I., Misman R. and McGee P.A.@The fungicides Terrazole and Terraclor and the nematicide Fenamiphos have little effect on root colonisation by Glomus mosseae and growth of cotton seedlings@Mycorrhiza, 7,155–159 (1997)@Yes$Black R. and Tinker P.B.@The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. II. Effect of agronomic factors and soil conditions on the development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in barley and on the endophyte spore density@New Phytologist, 83(2), 401-413 (1979)@Yes$Harinikumar K.M. and Bagyaraj D.J.@Effect of crop rotation on native vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal propagules in soil@Plant and Soil, 110(1), 77-80 (1988)@Yes$Gavito M.E. and Miller M.H.@Changes in mycorrhiza development in maize induced by crop management practices@Plant Soil, 198, 185–192 (1998a)@Yes$Gavito M.E. and Miller M.H.@Early phosphorus nutrition mycorrhizae development, dry matter partitioning and yield of maize@Plant Soil, 199, 177–186 (1998b)@Yes$Gavito M.E. and Varela L.@Response of criollo maize to single and mixed-species inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi@Plant Soil, 176, 101–105 (1995)@Yes$Xavier L.J.C. and Germida J.J.@Growth response of lentil and heatto Glomus clarum NT4 over a range of P levels in a Saskatchewan soil containing indigenous AM fungi@Mycorrhiza, 7, 3–8 (1997)@Yes$Hamel C., Dalpé Y., Furlan V. and Parent S.@Indigenous populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil aggregate stability are major determinants of leek (Allium porrum L.) response to inoculation with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith or Glomus versiforme (Karsten) Berch@Mycorrhiza, 7, 187–196 (1997)@Yes