@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Optimum Seed Rate for Maximum yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)<#LINE#>Harris @KD,Vijayaragavan @R <#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-051.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Chenkalady, SRI LANKA @Department of Agriculture, Sammanthurai, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>2/10/2015<#LINE#>25/10/2015<#LINE#>A field experiment was conducted at the Rice Research Station at Sammanthurai in Ampara, Sri Lanka to assess the optimum seed rate for maximum yield in rice. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Five seed rates viz., 3, 5 (recommended), 7, 9 and 10 bu/ha were included in the study which is equivalent to 61.5, 102.5, 143.5, 184.5 and 205 kg/ha respectively. The dimension of each plot was 4m x 3m. The seeds were broadcasted and the seedlings were maintained inaccordance with the recommendation of the Department of Agriculture. The results revealed that the seed rate 143.5 kg/ha significantly increased the leaf area index, the number of panicles/m2, the number of spikelets/m2, percentage of filled grains, 1000 grain weight, yield/ha and harvest index. The highest grain yield/ha was achieved at 143.5 kg/ha. Yield could be increased by 57% by increasing seed rate from 61.5 to 143.5 kg/ha. A further increase in seed rate from 143.5 kg/ha to 205 kg/ha reduced the yield by 35%. However, the correlation between grain yield per hectare with the seeding rate revealed that the optimum seeding rate for maximum yield is 147.9 kg/ha (7.25bu/ac). Under the conditions in this experiment, optimum seed rate for rice yield is 147.9 kg/ha (7.25 bu/ac). So, the seed rate of 147.9 kg/ha (7.25bu/ac) is appropriate for obtaining maximum yield in rice at the Ampara District, Sri Lanka.<#LINE#>Oghalo S.O@Effect of population density on the performance of upland rice (Oryza Sativa) in a forestSavannatransition zone@Int. J. of Sustainable Agric.,3(2), 44-48 (2011)@Yes$Sivaesarajah K., Sangakkara U.R. and Sandanam S.@Effect of plant density, nitrogen and gypsum on yieldparameters of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in regosols of Batticloa district@Trop. Agric. Res., 7, 112-123 (1995)@Yes$Yoyock J.Y.@Effects of variety and spacing on growth, development and dry matter distribution in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at two locations in Nigeria@Exp. Agric., 15, 339-351 (1979)@Yes$Abuzar M.R., Sadozai G.U., Baloch M.S., Shah A.A.,Javaid T., and N. Hussain N.@Effect of plant population densities on yield of maize@The J. of Ani. and Plant Sci.,21(4), 692-695 (2011)@Yes$Baloch A.W., Soomro A.M., Javed M.A. and Ahmed M.@Optimum plant density for high yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)@Asian J. Plant Sci., 1, 25–27 (2002)@Yes$Counce P.A.@Asymptotic and parabolic yield and linear nutrient content responses to rice population density@Agron. J., 79, 864-869 (1987)@Yes$Bari G., Mustafa G., Soomro A.M. and Baloch A.W.@Effect of plant density on grain yield and yield components of different varieties and mutant strains of rice@Pak. J. Bot., 16, 169-174 (1984)@Yes$Bisht P.S., Pandey P.C. and Lal P.@Plant population requirement of hybrid rice in the Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh, India@Int. Rice Research Newsletter, 24, 38 (1999)@Yes$Jones D.B. and Synder G.H.@Seeding rate and row effect on yield and yield component of drill seeded rice@Agron.J., 79, 623-626 (1987a)@Yes$Miller B.C., Hill J.E. and Roberts S.R.@Plant population effects on growth and yield in water seeded rice@Agron.J., 83, 291-297 (1991)@Yes$Gravois K.A. and Helms R.S.@Path analysis of rice yield and yield components as affected by seeding rate@Agron. J., 84, 1-4 (1992)@Yes$Kenneth and Ronnie S. Halms@Seeding rate effects on rough rice yield, head rice, and total milled rice@Agron. J., 88, 82-84 (1996)@Yes$Jones D.B. and Synder G.H.@Seeding rate and row effect on yield and yield component of drill seeded rice@Agron.J., 79, 627-629 (1987b)@Yes$Zhang L., Tao J., Wang S., Chang K. and Wang T., The rice Os Rad21.4@an orthologue of yeast Rec8 protein, isrequired for efficient meiosis@Plant Mol. Biol., 60(4),533-554 (2006)@Yes$Sharma A.R.@Effect of seed rate and row spacing on the performance of early and late maturing rice cultivars inmixed crop systems under intermediate deep water conditions (15-50 cm)@J. of Agric. Sci., 122, 201-205(1994)@Yes$Akbar N. and Ehsanullah@Agro-Qualitative Responses of Direct Seeded Fine Rice to Different Seeding Densities@Pak. J. of Agric. Sci., 41, 1-2 (2004)@Yes$Hu W.H., Qi Y.J., Sun M.C. and Guan S.Y.@Photosynthetic Characters of Sparsely Populated Rice@J.of Jilin Agric. Uni., 22, 11-14 (2000)@Yes$Akita K.@Effect of Plant Density on Characters, Growing Organs and Yield Components of Rice@Sci. Reports ofFaculty of Agric., 15, Kobe University, Kobe, 5-21 (1982)@No$Evans L.T. and De Datta S.K.@The relation between irradiance and grain yield of irrigated rice in the tropics@as influenced by cultivar, nitrogen fertilizer application and month of planting, Field Crops Res., 21–17 (1979)@Yes$Yoshida S.@Physiological aspects of grain yield. Annual Review of Plant Physio.@23, 437-464 (1972)http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev. pp.23.060172.002253.@Yes$Murata Y., Osada A., Iyama J. and Yamada N.@Photosynthesis of Rice Plants:(IV) Plant factors constituting photosynthetic ability of the rice plants growing on paddy field@Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn., 25, 133-137 (1957)@Yes$Nadeem Akbar and Ehsanullah@Agro-qualitative responses of direct seeded fine rice to different seedingdensities@Pak. J. of Agric. Sci., 41(1/2), 76-79 (2004)@Yes$@@http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600087372, (2015)@Yes
<#LINE#>Effects of different levels of Jackfruit Seed Flour on the Quality Characteristics of Chocolate cake <#LINE#>Shrivastava@Arpit,David@Jhon <#LINE#>6-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-052.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi- 221005 INDIA@ SHIATS Allahabad, INDIA <#LINE#>17/10/2015<#LINE#>19/11/2015<#LINE#>Food is the basic necessity of life and everyone in this world is interested in it. A recent survey stated that consumers are concerned about limiting the amount of calorie and cholesterol in daily diet as higher fat intake results into cardiovascular diseases which are highly pernicious. The jackfruit seed flour is rich in protein and carbohydrate while low in fat and calorific value it is relevant to convert seed into flour and use it in different convenience food products. Conversely, it was adapted to blend 5-15% JFS for cake preparation on wheat flour replacement basis. In the present experiment jackfruit seed flour and wheat flour were used in the formulation of low calorie cake. The wheat flour and jackfruit seed flour were mixed in the ratio of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 100% wheat flour (control) JFS was used in the formulation of chocolate cake. The chocolate cake samples of different treatments and control, chemical analysis moisture, Protein, Fat and ash was done for estimating its nutritional content and safety and Organoleptic characteristics like (flavor and taste, body and texture, color and appearance, overall acceptability) by hedonic scale. The treatments containing 10% level of JFS score the highest value. Thus product acceptability judged by Organoleptic evaluation and therapeutic value, the treatment can be rated as T2>T0>T1>T3.<#LINE#>Nancy E. and Neville Carole@Textural optimization of reduced calorie layer cake using Responses surface Methodology@Cereal Food world, 31(10) 744 (1986)@Yes$Morton JF, Jackfruits@In fruits of warm climates@Journal of fruit science, 1(4) 58-64 (1987)@Yes$Rehman S, Paterson A, Hussain S Murtaza and Ma Mehmood@Influence of partial substitution of wheat flour with vetch (Lathyrus sativus L) flour on quality characteristics of doughnuts@LWT Food science and technology, 40(l), 73-82 (2007)@Yes$Verihej E.W.M and Coronel R.E.@Edible fruits and nuts@Plant Resource of South-East Asiavol, 2, 86-91 (1991)@Yes$Kumar S. and Singh I.S.@Functional properties of jackfruit seed flour@Le bensmittel Wissenschaft und technolgie, 24, 373-374@Yes$Ockloo F.C.K., Bansa D. Boit and Adam R.T.[PDF]@Physico-chemical, functional and pasting characteristics of flour produced from Jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds@Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(5) 903-908 (2010)@Yes$Vanna T., Kanitha T., Prapa S. and Nongno J.@Some physicochemical properties of jackfruit (ArtocarpusheterophyllusLam) seed flour and starch@Science Asia, 28, 37-41 (2002)@Yes$Bobbio Dash F.D., A.A. El-, Bobbio P.A. and Rodrigues L.R.@Isolation and characterization of the physiochemicalproperties of starch of jackfruit seeds(Artocarpusheterophyllus)@Cereal Chem., 55, 505-511(1978)@Yes$Akinimutimi A.H.@Nutritive value of raw and processed jack fruit seeds (Artocarpusheterophyllus)@Agricultural journal, 1(4) 266-271 (2006)@Yes$Mukprasirt A and Sajjanantakul K.@Physical-chemical properties of flour and starch from jackfruit seeds(Artocarpusheterophyllus Lam.) compared with modified starches@International Journal of Food Science andTechnology; 39(1) 271-276 (2004)@Yes$Odoemelam S.A.@Functional properties of raw and heat processed jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) flour@Pakistan journal of nutrition, 4(6) 366-370 (2005)@Yes$Chrips N.R., G.S.@Balasingh Ragini and Kingstonc,Nutrient constituents of neglected varieties of ArtocarpusHeterophyllus lam.@From Kanyakumari district south India, Journal of Basic and Applied Biology, 2(3-4) 36-37 (2008)@No$Selvaraj Y. and Pal D.K.@Biochemical changes during the ripening of juckfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.)@J. Food Science Tech., 26(2) 304-307 (1989)@Yes$Frye Amanda M. and Setser Carole S.@Optimizing Texture of Reduced-Calorie Yellow Layer@Cereal, Chem., 69(3) 338-343 (1992)@Yes$Hussein E.A, Beltagy A.E.EI and Gaafar.@Production and quality evaluation of low calorie cake@AmericanJournal of Food Technology, 6(9) 827-834 (2009)@Yes$Syed H.M, Jadhav B.A and Salve R.V.@Studies on Preparation of Low Calorie Cake using Pearl Millet(Bajra) Maltodextrin Syed et al@J Food Process Technology, 4(5), 155-157 (2011)@Yes$Salil Anu, Sehgal and Kawatra Asha.@Development and nutritional evaluation of pearl millet rich banana cake J@Dairying, Foods and H.S., 27(2) 138–141 (2008)@Yes$Jasberg Brian K., J. Gould Michael and Warner K.@HighFiber, Non caloric Flour Substitute for Baked Foods, Alkaline Peroxide-Treated Lignocellulose@in Chocolate Cake Cereal Chem, 66(3) 209-213 (1989)@Yes$Érica Aguair Moraes.@Sensory evaluation and nutritional value of cakes prepared with whole flaxseed flour@J.Ceral Technology, 30(4) 974-979 (2010)@Yes$Hasidah M.Y. and Aziah Noor A.@Organoleptic and physico-chemical evaluation of breads supplementedwith jackfruit seed (Artocarpusheterophyllus) flour@Malaysian Science and Technology Congree (MSTC),(2003 AACC, Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemist. for Physical ParameterSt. Paul, MN. 12th edition, (1984)@Yes$Pong Lisa, Johnson Janet M., Barbeau William E I and Stewart Daisy L.@Evaluation of Alternative Fat and Sweetener Systems in Cupcakes@Cereal Chem, 68(5) 552-555 (1991)@Yes$AOAC@Official Methods of Analysis Association of Official Analytical Chemist 12th edition@(1990)@Yes$AOAC@Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edition,Association of Official Analytical Chemists@WashingtonDC (1995)@Yes
<#LINE#>Leather Value chain Study in Katsina State, Nigeria: Cost and Return Analysis<#LINE#>Umar@S.M.,Aminu@A,Suhasini@K <#LINE#>10-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-056.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Economics PJTSAU, Hyderabad, INDIA @Deparrtment of Agricultural Economics and Extension BUK, NIGERIA@Department of Agricultural Economics PJTSAU, Hyderabad, INDIA <#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#>17/11/2015<#LINE#>The research analyzed leather value chain in Katsina State, Nigeria. Profitability, value addition, consumer preference analysis and constraints along the value chain were identified. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from hides/skin marketers, modern tanneries, traditional tanneries, small scale footwear producers and leather products (shoe) consumers using simple random and purposive samplings. Data elicited were analyzed using net farm income, marketing margin and efficiency and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that, Gross margins for traditional tanners and footwear enterprises were; N13, 700. and N52, 050 per week, with net income of N35, 498.7 and N5, 219.5 respectively. Marketing of hides has the highest efficiency followed by sheepskin and goatskins.Total marketing margin for traders was 3.6% indicating viability of the business. Consumer preference revealed that slippers were most used footwear in the study area (62.5%) and 72.5% preferred to wear homemade shoes mostly (50%) black colour. Major constraints along the value chain were; inadequate capital, high material costs, scarcity of hides and skin in the right quantity and quality, stiff competition and lack of strong cooperative societies. It was therefore recommended that, stakeholders be involved in the chain to support in the area of funding/institutional credit and capacity building, state and local government to establish state owned tanneries and enforce policies designed to remove all distortions and value chain actors should form viable and strong cooperatives societies.<#LINE#>Felsner G. and Schmel F.@Agro-Industries and Sectoral Branch, Leather Unit Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division@US/NIR/02/11-52, Technical report prepared for United Industrial Development organization (UNIDO), Kano, (2002)@Yes$Danbatta B.B.@A lecture presented at the occasion of the 1st convocation ceremony of the federal collage of chemical and leather technology@Zaria. Dec, 1996. 24(1996)@No$Aminu A., Suleman A., Hassan A.M. and Bello M.B.@A report on Technical cooperation for development planning on the one local government one product programme for revitalizing the rural economy in the federal republic of Nigeria@Kano State Report. Submittedto IC NET Ltd., Japan/JICA/SMEDAN, ABUJA, August(2010)@No$Abbot J.C. and Makeham J.P.@Agricultural Economics and Marketing in the Tropics: Marketing Efficiency@ITA series, Longman publication, 152 (1979)@No$Chemonics Int. Inc.@Subsector Assessment of the Nigerian Hides and Skins Industry@USAID/Nigiera,www.inti.gob.ar (2002)@Yes$Ihuoma A.A. and Okonkwo E.M.@Statistical Review of the Nigeria Leather Industry@1980-1986. National Research Institute for chemical Technology (NARICT),Zaria, 127 (2001)@No$KTARDA@Katsina State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority Activities of National Special Programme for Food Security in Brief, Katsina State, 3-8(2003)@undefined@No$@Analysis of world leather value chain and foot wear market@www.factbook.net, (2010)@No$ITC Country or Product Approach Leather 1998-2004@International Trade Statistics@UNCTAD,www.unctad.org, (2015)@Yes$Amakon U.@Export constraints of the Kano leather industry: A study of industrial cluster in Nigeria@www.csae.ox.uk/050 (2006)11. GEMS1.@Yes$FOS@Federal Office of Statistic Annual Abstracts of Statistic@Lagos (2001)@Yes$Akanni K.A. and Ibrahim H.A.@Assessment of the Determinants of Value Addition in the Nigerian leather Industry@Journal of Social Science, 16(1), 63-67 (2008)@Yes$Smith M.G.@The Affairs of Daura, University of California press@30 (1978)@Yes$Ogujiuba K., Amakon U. and Uka E.@A Review of value added in the Agricultural Sector: Background and Issues@position paper for Committee on Agriculture of the National Assembly, Abuja (2004)@Yes$Olukosi J.O. and Erhabor P.O.@Introduction to Farm Management Economics: principles and Applications.@Agitab Publishers Ltd Samaru Zaria, 77-92 (1988)@Yes$Olukosi J.O., Isitor S.U. and Ode O.@Introduction to Agricultural Marketing and Prices: Principles and Applications@3rd edition. Living Books Series, G.U. publishers, Abuja, 47-69 (2007)@Yes$Abbot J.C. and Makeham J.P.@Agricultural Economics and Marketing in the Tropics: Marketing Efficiency@ITAseries, Longman publication, 152 (1979)@No$Olufokunbi O.@Marketing of Agricultural Products@Haineman Education Books (Nig). Ltd., Ibadan (1977)@Yes$Ismail R.@Designing value Chain/Market for the poor(M4p) Programmes in Nigeria@Word Bank, 13th October,Sharaton towers Abuja, (www.bdsknowledge.org/dyn),(2005). Retrieved 11th Oct. 2010@No
<#LINE#>Demand for Organic food Products in the urban areas of the Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>Narmilan @A,Amuthenie@S <#LINE#>21-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-064.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA @Department of Agric. Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, SRI LANKA <#LINE#>24/10/2015<#LINE#>15/11/2015<#LINE#>This paper presents the general trends of demand of organic food products in Batticaloa district, Sri Lanka. Nowadays the demand and production for organic food products are increased rapidly. Further, the organic production is an environmental friendly farming system that aims at high-quality products and the farming practices that do not harm the environment or human. Therefore, a well designed questionnaire was developed to collect the data regarding the consumer awareness over the organic food products, marketing and demand in addition to the particular's personal information. Primary data were collected from the public of the Batticaloa District by means of a questionnaire survey among randomly selected 150 households during the period of February to April, 2015. And also, this study was aimed to obtain an outline of the marketing of organic food product and its industries with the concern of demand, production and marketing of organic foods in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. Results revealed that the higher numbers of the respondents (70%) are interested to consume organic food produces and 48.2% of them believe that the market supply with the various products from organic agriculture is really at low level. Around, 44.7% of them realize that the supply is not satisfactory, while at the same time, only 7% believe that the assortment is on a satisfactory level. Major issues faced by the organic industry located in Batticaloa District were discussed. Further, the areas of organic farming, marketing problems and price dtermination were recognized for further and future studies for the enhancement of fulfilling consumers' demand and to eliminate the situation which highly influence on consumers' perception. And also, the current study discusses the opportunities for further development of the organic food production and marketing in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka.<#LINE#>Laroche M., Bergeron J. and Barbaro-Forleo G.@Targeting Consumers Who Are Willing to pay more for Environmentally-Friendly Products.@Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(6), 503-520 (2001)@Yes$Richter T., Schmid O., Freyer B., Halpin D. and Vetter R.@Organic consumer in supermarkets-new consumer group with different buying behaviour and demands!@in Alföldi, T, W. Lockeretz and U. Niggli (eds): Proceedings from the13th International IFOAM  conference, Zürich, 542-545 (2000)@Yes$Tregear A., J.B. Dent and M.J. McGregor@The Demand for Organically-Grown Produce.@British Food Journal.96(4), 21-25 (1994)@Yes$Chinnici G., D’Amico M. and Pecorino B.@A multivariate statistical analysis on the consumers of organic products.@British Food Journal, 187-199 (2002)@No$Piyasiri A.G.S.A. and Ariyawardana A.@Market potentials and willingness to pay for selected organic vegetables inKandy.@Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics,4(1), 107–119 (2002)@Yes$McCluskey J.@A Game Theoretic Approach to Organic Foods: An Analysis of Asymmetric Information and Policy@Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 29/1, 1-9 (2000)@Yes
<#LINE#>Leather Value chain Study in Katsina State, Nigeria: Cost and Return Analysis<#LINE#>Umar@S.M.,Aminu@A,Suhasini@K <#LINE#>10-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAFS-2015-056.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Economics PJTSAU, Hyderabad, INDIA @Deparrtment of Agricultural Economics and Extension BUK, NIGERIA@Department of Agricultural Economics PJTSAU, Hyderabad, INDIA <#LINE#>4/11/2015<#LINE#>17/11/2015<#LINE#>The research analyzed leather value chain in Katsina State, Nigeria. Profitability, value addition, consumer preference analysis and constraints along the value chain were identified. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from hides/skin marketers, modern tanneries, traditional tanneries, small scale footwear producers and leather products (shoe) consumers using simple random and purposive samplings. Data elicited were analyzed using net farm income, marketing margin and efficiency and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that, Gross margins for traditional tanners and footwear enterprises were; N13, 700. and N52, 050 per week, with net income of N35, 498.7 and N5, 219.5 respectively. Marketing of hides has the highest efficiency followed by sheepskin and goatskins.Total marketing margin for traders was 3.6% indicating viability of the business. Consumer preference revealed that slippers were most used footwear in the study area (62.5%) and 72.5% preferred to wear homemade shoes mostly (50%) black colour. Major constraints along the value chain were; inadequate capital, high material costs, scarcity of hides and skin in the right quantity and quality, stiff competition and lack of strong cooperative societies. It was therefore recommended that, stakeholders be involved in the chain to support in the area of funding/institutional credit and capacity building, state and local government to establish state owned tanneries and enforce policies designed to remove all distortions and value chain actors should form viable and strong cooperatives societies.<#LINE#>Felsner G. and Schmel F.@Agro-Industries and Sectoral Branch, Leather Unit Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division@US/NIR/02/11-52, Technical report prepared for United Industrial Development organization (UNIDO), Kano, (2002)@Yes$Danbatta B.B.@A lecture presented at the occasion of the 1st convocation ceremony of the federal collage of chemical and leather technology@Zaria. Dec, 1996. 24(1996)@No$Aminu A., Suleman A., Hassan A.M. and Bello M.B.@A report on Technical cooperation for development planning on the one local government one product programme for revitalizing the rural economy in the federal republic of Nigeria@Kano State Report. Submittedto IC NET Ltd., Japan/JICA/SMEDAN, ABUJA, August(2010)@No$Abbot J.C. and Makeham J.P.@Agricultural Economics and Marketing in the Tropics: Marketing Efficiency@ITA series, Longman publication, 152 (1979)@No$Chemonics Int. Inc.@Subsector Assessment of the Nigerian Hides and Skins Industry@USAID/Nigiera,www.inti.gob.ar (2002)@Yes$Ihuoma A.A. and Okonkwo E.M.@Statistical Review of the Nigeria Leather Industry@1980-1986. National Research Institute for chemical Technology (NARICT),Zaria, 127 (2001)@No$KTARDA@Katsina State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority Activities of National Special Programme for Food Security in Brief, Katsina State, 3-8(2003)@undefined@No$@Analysis of world leather value chain and foot wear market@www.factbook.net, (2010)@No$ITC Country or Product Approach Leather 1998-2004@International Trade Statistics@UNCTAD,www.unctad.org, (2015)@Yes$Amakon U.@Export constraints of the Kano leather industry: A study of industrial cluster in Nigeria@www.csae.ox.uk/050 (2006)11. GEMS1.@Yes$FOS@Federal Office of Statistic Annual Abstracts of Statistic@Lagos (2001)@Yes$Akanni K.A. and Ibrahim H.A.@Assessment of the Determinants of Value Addition in the Nigerian leather Industry@Journal of Social Science, 16(1), 63-67 (2008)@Yes$Smith M.G.@The Affairs of Daura, University of California press@30 (1978)@Yes$Ogujiuba K., Amakon U. and Uka E.@A Review of value added in the Agricultural Sector: Background and Issues@position paper for Committee on Agriculture of the National Assembly, Abuja (2004)@Yes$Olukosi J.O. and Erhabor P.O.@Introduction to Farm Management Economics: principles and Applications.@Agitab Publishers Ltd Samaru Zaria, 77-92 (1988)@Yes$Olukosi J.O., Isitor S.U. and Ode O.@Introduction to Agricultural Marketing and Prices: Principles and Applications@3rd edition. Living Books Series, G.U. publishers, Abuja, 47-69 (2007)@Yes$Abbot J.C. and Makeham J.P.@Agricultural Economics and Marketing in the Tropics: Marketing Efficiency@ITAseries, Longman publication, 152 (1979)@No$Olufokunbi O.@Marketing of Agricultural Products@Haineman Education Books (Nig). Ltd., Ibadan (1977)@Yes$Ismail R.@Designing value Chain/Market for the poor(M4p) Programmes in Nigeria@Word Bank, 13th October,Sharaton towers Abuja, (www.bdsknowledge.org/dyn),(2005). Retrieved 11th Oct. 2010@No