@Research Paper
<#LINE#>A Pricipal component Analysis of Variables that Influence participation in Mentorship by New Freehold Growers In Kwazulu Natal, South Africa<#LINE#>Royal@Mabe ,Boipono@Macheng  <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJAFS-2014-004.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension Botswana, College of Agriculture, BOTSWANA@Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension Botswana, College of Agriculture, BOTSWANA<#LINE#>13/1/2014<#LINE#>15/3/2014<#LINE#>Changing landscape of the South Africa (SA) agriculture has necessitated institutionalization of mentorship as part of post-settlement services for emerging black farmers. This paper, seeks to report on the socioeconomic characteristics of the surveyed sugarcane growers,identify their socioeconomic and farm factors that influence their decision to participate in mentorship. The paper also seeks tocome up with recommendation for improving acess to mentorship by New Freehold Growers (NFGs). The forty three (43) sampled NFGs were mostly male and the majority of sampled had no educational background in either Agriculture or any business related field. However, most of the respondents had prior experience in general management. Relatively few surveyed growers had prior experience in managing sugarcane farms. Further, most of the sample growers had gained financial management experience while working elsewhere and or through formal training. The principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed six components for predictor variables that Influence participation in mentorship by NFGs. The six components are; old-experienced communal farmer, educated farmer with business management experience, large-scale commercial farmer with formal agricultural education, fulltime non-affiliated farmer, male farmer with acquired cane farm management experience and fulltime participant with no business management experience. The paper recommends that attention be paid to designing and implementing policies that target NFGs, given their diverse socio-economic and farm characteristics. Detailed needs analysis and profiling of participants therefore, ought to be carried out beforehand. The results also show that joint-farm ownership (group dynamics) may have negative impact on NFGs� decision to participate in mentorship. Hence, policy makers should explore different models for specific farm operations and/or farm ownership structures.<#LINE#>Van Rooyen C.J. and Botha C.A.J.@Agricultural Extensionand Small Farmer Development in South Africa: Problemsand Proposals@SA Journal of Agricultural Extension,21(1), 36-48 (1994)@Yes$National Department of Agriculture (NDA)@FarmerMentorship: Policy and Guidelines@GovernmentPublisher, Pretoria (2005)@No$Mokhatla P.Z., Nell W.T. and Wilhem T.@Strategies forSuccessfully Settling Farmers in South Africa@Proceedings of the 15thInternational Farm ManagementAssociation Congress, Campinas SP, Brazil, 14-19 August,(2005)@Yes$Hall R., Jacobs P. and Lahiff E.@Western Cape SectorEfficacy Review@Retrieved May 29,2008 from,http://www.capegateway.gov.za/Text/2003/sector_efficacy_review.pdf, (2008)@Yes$Armstrong D.@Financing, Viability and Costs Associatedwith Transferring Sugarcane Land to PreviouslyDisadvantaged Individuals@Proceedings of 78th SouthAfrican Sugar Technologists’ Association Conferences,Durban, South Africa, 27-30 July (2004)@Yes$Thomson D.N. and Bates R.F.@Creating an Environmentfor Success by Land Redistribution: Some Challenges forthe Sugar Industry@Proceedings of 79th South AfricanSugar Technologists’ Association Conference, Durban,South Africa, 19-22 July (2005)@Yes$Thomson R. and Gillit C.@The Land Reform Process inSouth Africa with Emphasis on Land Restitution@Proceedings of the 16th International Farm ManagementAssociation Congress, Cork, Ireland, 15-20 July (2007)@No$Kirsten J., Van Zyl J. and Sartorius von Bach H.J.@TheRole of Extension in Traditional Agriculture: Evidencefrom the Farmer Support Programme@South AfricanJournal of Agricultural Extension, 22(1), 47-54 (1993)@Yes$Clutterbuck D and Abbott P.@Mentoring as anEmpowerment Tool@People Dynamics, 21(4), 24–25(2003)@Yes$Steinemann N.@Learning from the Lions, PeopleDynamics@21(4), 26-27 (2003)@No$Street K. and Kleynhans T.E.@A Formal MentorshipProgramme for Emerging Farmers in the Western Cape@SA Journal of Agricultural Extension, 25(1), 39-57 (1996)@Yes$Darroch M.A.G. and Mashatola M.C.@Sugarcane Grower’sPerceptions of a Graduated Loan Repayment Scheme toBuy Farmland in KwaZulu-Natal@International Food andAgribusiness Management Review, 5(4), 1-10 (2003).@No$Ortmann G.F.@Promoting Competitiveness of SouthAfrican Agriculture in a Dynamic and Economic andPolitical Environment@Agrekon, 44(3), 286-320 (2005)@Yes$Hawes A. and Bates R.@What is mentoring and why arewe doing it?@South African Fruit Journal, June/July, 29-31(2007)@No$Rivera W.M. and Schram S.G.@Agricultural ExtensionWorldwide: Issues Practices and Emerging Priorities@Croom Helm London: (1987)@Yes$Xaba N.@A Good Mentor! The Cane Grower@RetrievedMarch 25, 2008 from, www.sacanegrowers.co.za.(2008)@No$Olubode-Awolosa O.O. and Van Schalkwyk H.D.@Mentorship Alliance between South African Farmers:Implications of Sustainable Agriculture@South AfricanJournal of Economic and Management Science, 9(4), 554-566 (2006)@Yes$Terblanchè S.E.@Understanding Mentorship and theDevelopment of a Structure to Implement and Manage aMentorship Program to Support Extensionists TowardsProfessionalism@South African Journal of AgriculturalExtension, 36(1), 94-108 (2007)@Yes$Uchezuba I.D., Moshabele E. and Dikgopo D.@Logisticalestimation of the probability of mainstream marketparticipation among small-scale livestock farmers: A caseStudy of Northern Cape Province@Agrekon., 48(2), 171-183 (2009)@Yes$Levinson D.J., Darrow C.N., Klein E.B, Levinson M.H.and McKee B.@The Seasons of a Man’s Life@Alfred KnofInc. New York, (1978)@Yes$Mbowa S. and Nieuwoudt L.W.@Economies of Size inSugarcane Production in KwaZulu-Natal@DevelopmentSouthern Africa, 15(3), 399-412 (1998)@Yes$Jamison D.T and Lau L.J.@Farmer Education and FarmerEfficiency@The Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland,(1972)@Yes$Randela R., Groenewald J.A. and Alemu Z.G.@Characteristics of Potential Successful and UnsuccessfulEmerging Commercial Cotton Farmers@SA Journal ofAgricultural Extension. 35(1), 1-11 (2006)@No$Patrick G.F. and Eisgruber L.M.@The Impact ofManagerial Ability and Capital Structure on Growth ofFarm Firm@American Journal of Agricultural Economics,50(3), 499-512 (1968)@Yes$Enshayan K., Stinner D. and Stinner B.@Farmer to Farmer,Journal of Soil and Water Conservation@March-April,127–130 (1992)@No$Thomson D. N.@Personal communication, Director, InkezoLand Company@Durban, (2008)@No$Xaba N.@Personal communication. Capacity DevelopmentManager@South African Canegrowers’ Association,Durban, (2009)@No$Lyne M.C. and Ferrer S.R.D.@Farmland Transfers inKwaZulu-Natal, 1997-2003: A Focus on LandRedistribution Including Restitution@Agrekon., 45(3), 261-278 (2006)@Yes$Albanesse R. and Van Fleet@Rational behaviour in groups@Academy of Management Review, 10(2), 244-255 (1985)@Yes$Ostrom, E.@Governing the Commons: The Evolution ofInstitutions for Collective Action@Cambridge UniversityPress: New York, (1990)@Yes$Hall B.F and LeVeen E.P.@Farm Size and EconomicEfficiency: The Case of California@American Journal ofEconomics, 60 (4), 589-600 (1978)@Yes$Jolliffe I.T.@Principal Component Analysis@SpringerVerlag,New York, (1986)@Yes
<#LINE#>Study of some Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribals of Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Thakur @A.,Naqvi S.@M.A.,Aske @D.K.,Sainkhediya @J. <#LINE#>9-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJAFS-2014-015.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. P. G. College Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA @I.K.D.C. Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA@Holkar Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA @ PMB Gujarati Science College Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA<#LINE#>6/3/2014<#LINE#>20/3/2014<#LINE#>Alirajpur is one of the tribal district of Madhya Pradesh and plants are being used as medicine and pharmaceuticals by large numbers of tribal, rural and urban people. Several tribal communities like Bhil, Bhilala and Barela inhibit in the area. An Ethno botanical surveys had been carried out in the Alirajpur district of Madhya Pradesh from 2009-2010. The investigation deals about15 plant species which is used by tribals of this area. A record of 15 medicinal plant species which is belong to 12 Family and 14 Genera used by tribals to cure various ailments among human beings are given. Ethno medicinal information was gathering through interview to Barwah and Rajaliya for curing of diseases. The present paper deals with the ethno botanical study of Alirajpur region for the preparation of an inventory. Details of medicinal plants are described alphabetically, Botanical names followed by family, local names, plants part used, and the ethno medicinal uses have been provided.<#LINE#>Yadav M. and Khan K.K.@Some Ethno medicinalperception of tribal communities of Rewa district@MadhyaPradesh, Indian J. Sci. Res., 3(2), 145-148 (2012)@Yes$Jain A.K., Vairale G.M. and Singh R.@Folklore claims onsome medicinal plant used by Bheel tribal of Guna districtMadhya Pradesh@Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 9(1),105-107 (2010)@Yes$Singh R. and Sharma A.@Medicinal plants used forDiarrhea by tribal for Majhgawoan block of district Satna@Madhya Pradesh, India, Ethno.med., 5(3), 205-208 (2011)@No$Jain A.K. and Kadel C.@Folklore clains on snake biteamong some tribal communities of central India@Indian J.Traditional Knowledge, 7(2), 290-299 (2008)@Yes$Kadel C., Wagh V.V. and Jain A.K.@Some Ethnomedicinal plants species of Jhabua district MadhyaPradesh@Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 10(3), 538-540(2011)@Yes$Jhadav D. and Rawat S.S.@Ethno medicinal plants used inthe treatment of various ailments by Bhilala tribe ofAlirajpur district Madhya Pradesh@J. Eco. Taxon. Bot.,35(4), 654-657 (2011)@Yes$Patel P. and Mahajan S.K.@A note on medico-ethnobotanyof Vijaygarh (Khargone) Madhya Pradesh@Bull. Bot.Survey India, 46(1-4), 398-402 (2004)@Yes$Jain S.K. and Rao R.R.@Dictionary of Indian folk medicineand ethnobotany@Deep publication, New Delhi, 1, 311(1977)@Yes$Varma D.M., Balakrishnan N.P. and Dixit R.P.@Flora ofMadhaya Pradesh@BSI Publication, Calcutta, India, 1,(1993)@Yes$Singh N.P., Khanna K.K., Mudgal V. and Dixit R.D.@Floraof Madhaya Pradesh, BSI Publication, Calcutta@India, 3,(2001)@Yes$Mudgal V., Khanna K.K. and Hajara P.K.@Flora ofMadhaya Pradesh, BSI Publication, Calcutta@India, 2,(1997)@Yes$Jain S.K. and Rao R.R.@A handbook of field andherbarium methods@Today and Tomorrow publishers,New Delhi (1991)@Yes
<#LINE#>Distribution, Population Status and Conservation of Inga cynometroides (Bedd.) Bedd.ex Baker; a Critically Endangered Tree Species from Kerala part of Western Ghats, India<#LINE#>C.K.@Somen ,R.R.@Rakesh ,T.J.@Roby  <#LINE#>13-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJAFS-2014-016.pdf<#LINE#>Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Pin – 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA@Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Pin – 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA@Tree Physiology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Pin – 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>30/11/2013<#LINE#>24/1/2014<#LINE#>The depletion of potential species particularly of RET�s has been considered as one of the major causes for the present day biodiversity loss in tropical countries. This paper deals with the Distribution, Population status and Conservation of Inga cynometroides; a critically endangered tree species of Kerala Parts of Western Ghats. The population status of I. cynometroides was documented through extensive field survey and population studies carried out during 2011�2013. The population sites were geographically marked with global positioning system (GPS) and distribution map prepared using GIS Software. The investigation revealed that the population of I. cynometroides is extremely small and species have low dominance and poor ecological success in the study area. A declining population of the species I. cynometroides is located from, Kallar in Trivandrum forest division. It is the very first report from other than the type locality after the rediscovery of the species I. cynometroides from the type locality, Rosemala, Sendurney WLS of Kollam district, Kerala. As the numbers of mature trees are very limited with poor regeneration, all the populations of the species I. cynometroides in the whole study area should be preserved immediately.<#LINE#>UNESCO@Western Ghats@http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1342, downloaded on 26 june 2013, (2012)@No$Pascal J.P.@Wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats ofIndia: Ecology@Structure, floristic composition andsuccession. Institut Francais de Pondichery, Pondichery,India, (1988)@Yes$Madhav Gadgil@Report of the Western Ghats EcologyExpert Panel Part I Submitted to the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests@Government of India, 327(2011)@Yes$Sasidharan N.@Red listed threatened tree species in Kerala@A Review. In: Kallarackal J., Swarupanandan K. andSharma J.K., (Ed.), Proc. Workshop Conserv. andResearch needs of the Rare, Endangered and Threatened(RET) Tree species in Kerala part of the Western Ghats,KFRI, Peechi, 1–8 (2003)@Yes$Sasidharan N.@Rediscovery of Four Threatened andPossibly Extinct Endemic tree Legumes from Kerala@Higher plants of Indian sub- continent, III, 205-213 (1998)@Yes$Nayer M.P. and Sastry A.R.K.@Red Data Book of IndianPlants@1-3, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta (1990)@Yes$IUCN@IUCN Red list categories@IUCN, Gland,Switzerland, (1995)@Yes$Beddome@The Flora Sylvatica for southern India@GantzBrothers, Madras, 317-318 (1873)@Yes$Gamble, J.S. and Fischer C.E.C.@Flora of Presidency ofMadras@Adlard and Son Ltd., London, 1-3 (1915-1935)@Yes$Sanjappa@Endemic legumes of Western Ghats of WesternGhats@In C.K Karunakaran (ed.) Proc. Symp. Rare,Endangered and Endemic Olants of Western Ghats, KeralaForest Department, Trivandrum, 31-43 (1991)@No$Sasidharan N.@Studies on The Flora of Shenduruny Wildlife sanctuary with special emphasis on Endemic Speccies@112-113(1997)@Yes$Cottam G. and Curtis J.T.@The use of distancemeasurement in Phytosociological sampling@Ecol., 37,451-460 (1956)@No$Phillips.@Methods of Vegetation study@Henri Holt Co Inc,(1959)@Yes$Misra R.@Ecology work book@Oxford and IBH Publishingco. New Delhi, 244-245 (1968)@Yes$Muller-Dombois D. and Ellenberg H.@Aims and Methodsof Vegetation Ecology@John Wiley and Sons, New York(1974)@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Unleashing the Potential: Exploring Sustainable Financing Practices for Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal<#LINE#>Basnyat@Bijendra ,Baral@Sony  <#LINE#>19-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJAFS-2014-012.pdf<#LINE#>NARMA Consultancy Pvt Ltd, NEPAL@International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), NEPAL<#LINE#>4/3/2014<#LINE#>21/3/2014<#LINE#>Sustainable financing (SF) intends to generate fund over the longer term to finance projects and programmes through the introduction of innovative financing mechanisms. Sustainable financing applies to all the sectors of the development programmes and projects; however it has been extensive use in the management of natural resources. Specifically, SF aims to create a more predictable cash flow, through (a) attracting and administering external funds (b) generating funding to encourage conservation and (c) introducing market-based fees for goods and services. International and national practices clearly demonstrate that comprehensive legislation is essential for generating and mobilizing funds, however is a time consuming process. Nevertheless, there is possibility of implementing the fund concept in the present context by making provisions in the finance Act. However, clear operating guidelines or a directive is necessary for collecting and mobilizing revenue for the forestry sector development. Several sustainable financing mechanisms are already in practice in Nepal. Some of which have been introduced in the recent years, such as revenue sharing, royalty and cost sharing, conservation fee, community concessions, compensation payments, carbon finance, resource extraction fee, support from multilateral agencies etc to encourage conservation. Most of these practices are in evolutionary stages and clear operational guidelines in consistent with the existing legislations are necessary for the institutionalization of sustainable financing mechanisms. Apart from this, there are several options which have potential of generating finance over the longer term. However, detailed feasibility study for introducing such financing practices, including appropriate legislative framework need to be developed.<#LINE#>Emerton L., Bishop J. and Thomas L.@SustainableFinancing of Protected Areas: A global review ofchallenges and options@The World Conservation Union(IUCN), Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK (2006)@Yes$WWF@Conservation finance in@http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/howwedoit/conservation finance, World Wildlife Fund, Washington,DC (2009 a)@No$NARMA@Development of Sustainable FinancialMechanism for Productive and Protective Landscape@NARMA Consultancy Pvt Ltd, Kathmandu, Nepal (2009)@No$MFSC@Nepal Fourth National Report to the Conventionon Biological Diversity@Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation, Kathmandu, Nepal (2009)@Yes$MFSC@The Revised Forest Sector Policy 2000@Ministryof Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal(2000)@No$MFSC@Nepal Biodiversity Strategy, Ministry of Forestsand Soil Conservation@Kathmandu, Nepal (2002)@No$MFSC@Terai Arc Landscape- Nepal Implementation Plan(2004 – 2014), Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation@Kathmandu, Nepal (2006)@No$MOLJP@Soil and Watershed Conservation Act – 1982,Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation@Kathmandu,Nepal (1982)@No$MOLJP@Forest Act – 1993, Ministry of Law, Justice andParliamentary Affairs@Kathmandu, Nepal (1993)@No$MFSC@Forest Development Fund establishment andOperation Procedure@2007, Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation, Kathmandu, Nepal (2007)@No$MFSC@Directives to provide forest land for other purpose@2006, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation,Kathmandu, Nepal (2006)@No$MOLJP@National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act –1973@Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs,Kathmandu, Nepal (1973)@No$DNPWC@The Working Policy on Construction andOperation of Development Projects in Protected Areas@2009, Department of National Park and WildlifeConservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal (2009)@No$Forestry Nepal@Nepal to benefit from World Bank@Facilityhttp://www.forestrynepal.org/article/news/2882.Forestry Nepal, Nepal (2008)@No$WWF@Guide to Conservation finance@http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_guide_to_conservation_ finance.pdf. World Wildlife Fund,Washington, DC (2009 b)@No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Towards Sustainability: A Plan to Minimize External Inputs and Maximize Outputs<#LINE#>Kittur @Nazhat <#LINE#>27-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJAFS-2014-006.pdf<#LINE#>National Institute of Agribusiness Management, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>29/11/2013<#LINE#>14/2/2014<#LINE#>Sustainable agriculture is the method of cultivating crops, rearing livestock and other organisms using the principles of ecology. It establishes a relation between various life forms and the environment surrounding them. A farmer can maximize his profits by minimizing the cost he incurs from external inputs. He can adopt various enterprises on the same farm. These units comprise of apiary with sunflower, dairy, fisheries, cereal with legume crop rotation, commercial crop with legume crop rotation, hydroponically cultivated strawberries, kitchen garden, biogas unit, rainwater harvesting structure, vermicomposting etc. The farm surrounded by forest trees will add to the security. This paper reveals such a plan where in the owner is satisfied of the food, feed and fiber needs, the environment�s quality is enhanced and natural resources are preserved. This model makes the most efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm resources and integrates them in an efficient and sustainable manner. It also sustains the economic viability of the farmer and his enterprise.<#LINE#>Roy Manidipa, Sharma Gauri Dutta and RamanaCh.Venkata@Pseudomonads: Potential Biocontrol agents ofRice Diseases@Research Journal of Agriculture andForestry Sciences, 1(9), 19-25 (2013)@No$@@www.sciencedirect.com (cited 15 November 2013) (2013)@No$@@www.erin.gov.au (cited 17 November 2013) (2013)@No$@@www.fao.org (cited 15 November 2013) (2013)@No$@@http://www.arti-india.org/content/view/50/48/ (cited 13November 2013) (2013)@No$@@http://www.artiindia.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=45 (cited 11 November 2013) (2013)@No$@@http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0103-90162011000600007&script=sci_arttext (cited 13November 2013) (2013)@No$@@www.arti-india.org:http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1018-1806/2003/1018-18060339117R.pdf (cited 13 November 2013) (2013)@No$@@www.tnau.ac.in/scms/Agronomy/IFS.htm (cited on 25October 2013) (2013)@No$@@http://www.soilfoodweb.com/foodwebfunc.html (cited 15October 2013) (2013)@No$@@http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/concept.htm (cited 13November 2013) (2013)@No$@@http://www.samuchit.com/ (cited 13 November 2013)(2013)@No