International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Changes in the histology of Oreochromis niloticus Liver Fed crude extract of Azadirachta indica Saponins

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, NIGERIA
  • 2Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, NIGERIA
  • 3Department of Biochemistry Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, NIGERIA

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 4, Issue (ISC-2014), Pages 32-36, (2015)

Abstract

Effect of sub-lethal concentrations of crude extract of Azadirachta indica saponins on liver of Oreochromis niloticus was investigated. One hundred and eighty fish were divided into 6 groups (represented by O, A, B, C, D and E) were fed for 56 days with varying sub-lethal concentrations of A. indica saponins (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g/kg with 0.0 g/kg as the control) incorporated into basal diet. The withdrawal effect of A. indica saponins was also investigated after 28 days of feeding all the fish with the control diet. Liver were sectioned into 6 µm using standard procedure for tissue sectioning. Fish fed varying concentrations varying concentrations of A. indica saponins, gradual increase in rodlet cells around the vein, dilation of the veins and thickening of the hepatocytes were observed in the liver, as the concentrations increase from 0.5 to 8.0 g/kg with. Withdrawal effects shows gradual decrease in the rodlet cells, gradual splitting of each vein into two and slight distortion in the wall of the vein were also observed. The changes observed in the vein as a result of withdrawal of A. indica saponins could be processes towards reverting to the normal shape. This study infers that, withdrawal of A. indica saponins may gradually reverse the effects on fish especially at lower concentrations.

References

  1. Riguera R., Isolating bioactive compounds from marine organisms, Journal of Marine Biotechnology 5, 187-193 (1997)
  2. Francisa G., Harinder P.S.M. and Beckera K., Quillajasaponins-A natural growth promoter for fish, Animal Feed Science and Technology,121(1), 147-159 (2005)
  3. Lutterodt G.D. and Maleque A., Inhibition of microlax-induced experimental diarrhoea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leafs in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology,37(2), 151-157 (1992)
  4. Obaroh I.O., Nzeh G.C. and Oguntoye S.O., Control of Reproduction in Oreochromis niloticus (L) Using Crude Extract of Azadirachta indica Saponin, Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(4), 1353-1356 (2012)
  5. Obaroh I.O., Nzeh G.C., Oguntoye S.O. and Bawa D.Y., Growth Response of Oreochromis niloticus (L) fed Crude Extract of Azadirachta indica Saponins. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9(3), 44-48 (2014)
  6. Mader T.L. and Brumm M.C., Effects of feeding Sarsasaponin in cattle as swine diet, Journal of Animal Science,65, 9-15 (1987)
  7. Poleksic V., Karan V., Elezovic I. and Neskovic N., Estimation of harmful effects of pesticides on fish, biochemical and histopathological approach. I Regional Symposium: Chemistry and the Environment Vrnjacka Banja, Serbian Chemical Society proceedings,1, 487–490, July (1995)
  8. Titiana S.F., Paulo C.S., Jose R.P., Leonice M.F. and Simome M.T.S., The effect of crude ethanol extract and fractions of Hyptidendroncanum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley on the hepatopancreas of Oreochromis niloticus, Biological Research,42, 153-162 (2009)
  9. Wall M.E., Eddy C.R., McClennan M.L. and Klump M.E., Detection and Estimation of steroidal sapogenins in plant tissues, Annals of Chemistry,24, 1337-1341 (1952)
  10. Hostettmann K., Marston A. and Wolfender J.L., Strategyin the search for new Biologically active plant constint. In: Phytochemistry of plants used in traditional medicine. Hostetmann, K., Marston A., Marston, A., Maillard, M. and Hamburger, M. (Eds), Clarendon Press, Oxford, (1995), 32-36 (2015)
  11. Wolf J.C., Histology and histopathology guidelines for phase 1B of the OECD fish screening assay for EDC’S. U.S Environmental Protection Agency Mid-Continent Ecology division-Duluth, MN, (2005)
  12. Morrison C.M., Fitzsimmons K. and Wright Jr. J.R., Atlas of tilapia histology, World Aquaculture Society, US, (2007)
  13. Fiuza T.S., Silva C.P., De Paula J.R. Tresvenzol L.M.F. and Saboia S.M.T., The effect of crude ethanol extract and fractions of Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley on the hepatopancreas of Oreochromis niloticus L. Biological Research, 42, 153–162 (2009)
  14. Sheikhlar A., Alimon A.R., Daud H., Saad C.R. and Ramezani-Fard E., Effects of crude methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta on haematological and biochemical indices and histological changes of liver in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,, 802–808 (2011)
  15. Leino R.L., Reaction of rodlet cells to a myxoporean infection in kidney of the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, Can. J. Zool., 74, 429-438 (1996)