A Study of SAR in Human Head Due to Radiofrequency Radiation from Personal Data Assistant Device with Hands-Free Kits

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A Study of SAR in Human Head Due to Radiofrequency Radiation from Personal Data Assistant Device with Hands-Free Kits

Author Affiliations

¹University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, PAKISTAN
² School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, UK
³ Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, GIKI Topi, PAKISTAN

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 4, Issue (1), Pages 51-54, January,2 (2015)

Abstract

This paper deals with the absorption of RFenergy in human head caused by hands-free accessories compared to the handset alone. It was reported by others that hands-free kit may bring different influences to the SAR value in human head. The results of this study show the measurements results taken by the DASY4 system. The operating frequency is 1.8 GHZ and a particular designed SIM card is used. Two different mobile phones includingiphone 3GS are used in the measurements. Results presented here are useful in defining the radiation rate caused by adding hands-free close to human body. Research also indicates that using PDAs in front of human head can decrease the SAR value in human head.

References

Nagadeepa N, Enhanced Bluetooth Technology to Assist the High Way Vehicle Drivers. Research Journal of Recent Science, 1(8), 82-85 (2012)
Iqbal R.S., Alshmari M., Khan S.A., Zafar N.A. and Islam S.A., Mobile Agent-Based Algorithm for Prediction of Inundation Area, Research Journal of Recent Science, 3(1), 72-77 (2013)
Haider W., Sharif M., Raza M., Wahab A., Hussain J., Khan I.A. and Zia U., The Realization of Personalized E-Learning platform based on 3G Mobile phone and NGN control frame work for SIP based IP Networks, Research Journal of Recent Science, 2(2), 85-89 (2013)
Manning M.I. and Gabriel C.H.B., SAR tests on mobile phones used with and without personal hands-free kits. Newdigate: SARTest, (2000)
Troulis S.E., Scanlon W.G. and Evans N.E., Effect of'hands-free'leads and spectacles on SAR for a 1.8 GHz cellular handset, In 1st Joint IEI/IEE Symposium on Telecommunications Systems Research, 1675-1684, (2001)
Troulis S.E., Scanlon W.G. and Evans N.E., Effect of a hands-free wire on specific absorption rate for a waist-mounted 1.8 GHz cellular telephone handset, Physics in Medicine and Biology,48(12), 1675 (2003)
Assessment of hands-free kits for mobile telephones: Technical summary, Consumers Association Technical Report, Special report. 11-17, (2000)
Bit-Babik G., Chou C.K., Faraone A., Gessner A., Kanda M. and Balzano Q., Estimation of the SAR in the Human Head and Body due to Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure from Handheld Mobile phones with Hands-Free Accessories, Radiation Research, 159, 550-557 (2003)
Panagamuwa C.J., Whittow W., Ewards R., Vardaxoglou J.C. and McEvoy P., A study of the validation of RF energy Specific Absorption Rates for simulations of anatomically correct head FDTD simulations and truncated DASY4 standard equipment measurements, The First European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2006), Nice, France, (2006)
Panagamuwa C.J., Whittow W., Ewards R. and Vardaxoglou J.C., Experimental verification of a modified specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) head used for SAR measurements, Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, Loughborough, UK, 261-264 (2007)
Koyanagi Y., Kawai H., Ogawa K. and Ito K., Consideration of the Local SAR and Radiation Characteristics of aHelical Antenna Using a Cylindroid Whole Body Phantom at 150 MHz, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1, 87(1) (2004)
Schmidand Partner Engineering AG, DASY4 Manual V4.1, (2003)
Mat M.H. et al., A comparative study of simple geometrical head phantoms on specific absorption rates for simulations and measurements at 900MHz. 2012IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICoBE),.IEEE, (2012)
Mat M.H., Malek M.F.B.A., Omar A., Zulkefli M.S. and Ronald S.H., Analysis of the correlation between antenna gain and SAR Levels inside the human head model at 900MHz. In IEEE Asia-Pacific Symposium onElectromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), 513-516 (2012)

[ref1] Nagadeepa N, Enhanced Bluetooth Technology to Assist the High Way Vehicle Drivers. Research Journal of Recent Science, 1(8), 82-85 (2012)

[ref2] Iqbal R.S., Alshmari M., Khan S.A., Zafar N.A. and Islam S.A., Mobile Agent-Based Algorithm for Prediction of Inundation Area, Research Journal of Recent Science, 3(1), 72-77 (2013)

[ref3] Haider W., Sharif M., Raza M., Wahab A., Hussain J., Khan I.A. and Zia U., The Realization of Personalized E-Learning platform based on 3G Mobile phone and NGN control frame work for SIP based IP Networks, Research Journal of Recent Science, 2(2), 85-89 (2013)

[ref4] Manning M.I. and Gabriel C.H.B., SAR tests on mobile phones used with and without personal hands-free kits. Newdigate: SARTest, (2000)

[ref5] Troulis S.E., Scanlon W.G. and Evans N.E., Effect of'hands-free'leads and spectacles on SAR for a 1.8 GHz cellular handset, In 1st Joint IEI/IEE Symposium on Telecommunications Systems Research, 1675-1684, (2001)

[ref6] Troulis S.E., Scanlon W.G. and Evans N.E., Effect of a hands-free wire on specific absorption rate for a waist-mounted 1.8 GHz cellular telephone handset, Physics in Medicine and Biology,48(12), 1675 (2003)

[ref7] Assessment of hands-free kits for mobile telephones: Technical summary, Consumers Association Technical Report, Special report. 11-17, (2000)

[ref8] Bit-Babik G., Chou C.K., Faraone A., Gessner A., Kanda M. and Balzano Q., Estimation of the SAR in the Human Head and Body due to Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure from Handheld Mobile phones with Hands-Free Accessories, Radiation Research, 159, 550-557 (2003)

[ref9] Panagamuwa C.J., Whittow W., Ewards R., Vardaxoglou J.C. and McEvoy P., A study of the validation of RF energy Specific Absorption Rates for simulations of anatomically correct head FDTD simulations and truncated DASY4 standard equipment measurements, The First European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2006), Nice, France, (2006)

[ref10] Panagamuwa C.J., Whittow W., Ewards R. and Vardaxoglou J.C., Experimental verification of a modified specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) head used for SAR measurements, Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference, Loughborough, UK, 261-264 (2007)

[ref11] Koyanagi Y., Kawai H., Ogawa K. and Ito K., Consideration of the Local SAR and Radiation Characteristics of aHelical Antenna Using a Cylindroid Whole Body Phantom at 150 MHz, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 1, 87(1) (2004)

[ref12] Schmidand Partner Engineering AG, DASY4 Manual V4.1, (2003)

[ref13] Mat M.H. et al., A comparative study of simple geometrical head phantoms on specific absorption rates for simulations and measurements at 900MHz. 2012IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICoBE),.IEEE, (2012)

[ref14] Mat M.H., Malek M.F.B.A., Omar A., Zulkefli M.S. and Ronald S.H., Analysis of the correlation between antenna gain and SAR Levels inside the human head model at 900MHz. In IEEE Asia-Pacific Symposium onElectromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), 513-516 (2012)