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Pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of least studied Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan –304022, India
  • 2Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan –304022, India
  • 3Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan –304022, India
  • 4Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan –304022, India

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 12, Issue (3), Pages 1-11, October,2 (2023)

Abstract

Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. is a member of Poaceae family used in folklore medicine and a staple "famine food" during times of food shortage. Assessments of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, as well as their physicochemical characteristics of Cenchrus biflorus were evaluated by using standard methods. Phytochemical profile of Cenchrus biflorus leaf and root parts were analyzed in various solvents to determine phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content. Organic solvents like methanol, hydro-ethanol (50:50), aqueous were used for extraction process. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total tannin content (TTC) were analysed using Folin Ciocalteu assay and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured through AlCl3 calorimetric assay by using UV-Spectrophotometric methods respectively. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of trichomes, epidermis, vascular bundles, companion cells, and sieve tubes in leaf parts. Root methanolic extract showed the highest amount of TPC (45.18±0.011mg GAE/g) while highest amount of TFC was recorded in leaf methanolic extract (34±0.003mg Quercetin (QE)/g) and TTC was highest in methanol extract of leaf (6.5±0.009mg TA/g). The result presented shows the TPC, TFC and TTC distribution in Cenchrus biflorus leaf and root parts that could be used in the cure of various ailments. The established parameters will be beneficial and appropriate for the creation of a monograph, aid in recognizing this grass in its unadulterated form, preventing its adulteration, and ensuring its therapeutic efficacy.

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