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Risk-based assessment of heavy metals in waste dump after 5 years of restoration using fruit orchard

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
  • 2Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 11, Issue (2), Pages 1-12, April,2 (2022)

Abstract

Soil pollution due to accumulation of heavy metals is noteworthy in India through advance urbanisation and industrialisation, hence, soil pollution has become imperative hindrance for regional development and human health in recent periods. Sponge iron (also known as direct reduced iron or DRI, porous iron) industries are such a significant example for socio-economic development, responsible for generating large quantities of loose and fine textured wastes (dolochar, slag, fly ash) that are devoid of nutrients and having elevated concentration of toxic heavy metals. In the present study, restored waste dump (RWD) of an integrated sponge iron unit, Chhattisgarh was selected to assess the chronological variation in spatial distribution of heavy metals in RWD soil and their potential risk on human health and ecosystem. Characterisation of waste materials (dolochar, slag, flyash) infers high electrical conductivity and alkaline pH with high concentration of trace elements. Multiple indices (Nemerov pollution index, Ecological risk index) analysed to determine ecosystem pollution, exhibited lesser ecological risk in older RWD than younger RWD. The potential carcinogenic human health risks in the RWD 5 soil exhibited values within the acceptable range i.e., 1×10-6 – 1×10-4. The study concluded that a good quality of topsoil could generate proper substratum for reclamation of waste dump and application of fruit orchard as means of phytorestoration is efficient to reduce health risk to surroundings. Therefore, fruit orchard (guava) could be an optimum land use of sponge iron waste dump blanketed with good quality topsoil.

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