International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Determination of Sodium Sorption Capacity Using the Boehm Method

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoma, Brass Island, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA
  • 2Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, PMB 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA
  • 3Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port-Harcourt, P.O. Box 402, Choba, Port- Harcourt, NIGERIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 3, Issue (5), Pages 3-6, May,18 (2013)

Abstract

Pure carbonized and activated carbons were prepared from fluted pumpkin stem waste. The activating reagents used for this study were: H3PO4, ZnCl2 and H2. Some of the surface properties investigated was surface acidity/basicity and point of zero charge, Hpzc. The surface acidity/basicity was estimated by the multibasic titration method of Boehm and the results obtained show that, the pure carbonized sample (PC) treated with 0.1M of NaHCO, 0.05M NaCO3 and 0.1M NaOH has the sorption capacities of 0.75mmol/g, 0.56 mmol/g and 0.447 mmol/g respectively. While the acid modified sample (AM) treated with 0.1M NaH2CO3, 0.05M NaCO3 and 0.1M NaOH has sorption capacities of 0.413 mmol/g, 0.243 mmol/g and 0.123 mmol/g respectively. These results show that the pure carbonized sample (PC) has higher affinity for acidic species in solution than the acid modified sample (AM). Furthermore, the result obtained from surface basicity shows that, the acid modified sample (AM) with a sorption capacity of 0.233 mmol/g has a higher affinity for basic species in solution than the base modified sample (BM) which has a sorption capacity of 0.0433 mmol/g. The pure carbonized sample (PC) has the strongest basic character with a point of zero charge (Hpzc) of 8.45, while the acid modified sample (AM) has the strongest acidic character with a Hpzc of 5.82. This study has demonstrated that both the pure carbonized (PC) and the acid and base modified samples of fluted pumpkin stem waste could be utilized as low-cost, economical and environmental friendly biosorbents for the removal and recovery of metals, treatment of odour gases, acidic molecules and some problematic organic molecules from aqueous solution.

References

  1. Sinisek M. and Cerry S., Activated carbon, manufacturers, properties and application. Elsevier, New York (1997)
  2. Selvi K., Pattabli S. and Kadirvelu K., Removal of Cr (iv) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon, Biores. Technol., 80, 87 – 89 (2001)
  3. Lei L., Quinlivan P.A. and Knappe D.R.U., Effect of activated carbon surface chemistry and pore structure on the adsorption of organic contaminants from aqueous solution, Elsevier Science Ltd., Carbon,40, 2085–2096 (2002)
  4. Szymanski G.S., Karpinski Z., Biniaki S. and Swiatkowski A., The effect of gradual thermal decomposition of surface oxygen species on the chemical and catalytic properties of oxidized activated carbon, Carbon, 40, 2627–2639 (2002)
  5. Frackowiak E. and Beguin F., Carbon Material for the electron-chemical storage of energy in capacitors, Carbon, 39, 937–950 (2001)
  6. Chingobe P., Saha B. and Wakeman R.J., Surface Modification and characterization of a coal – based activated carbon, Carbon, 43, 3132–3142 (2005)
  7. Kadirvelu M., Palanival M. and Kalpana R.S., Activated carbon from agricultural by-product for the treatment of dyeing industry waste water, Biores. Technol., 74, 263–265 (2002)
  8. Horsfall M. Jnr. and Spiff A.I., Kinetic studies on the sorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution by caladium bicolor (Wild cocoyam) biomass, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia., 19, 89-95 (2005)
  9. Horsfall M. Jnr. and Abia A.A., Sorption of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) ions from aqueous solution by cassava waste biomass (Manihot esculenta), Water Res., 37, 3913–4923 (2003)
  10. Okieimen F.E., Ojokoh F.T., Okieimen C.O. and Wuana R.A., Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon from rice husk and rubber seed shell, Chemiclass J., 191–196 (2004)
  11. Gimba C.E., Preparation and adsorption characteristics of activated carbon form coconut shell, PhD thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, (2001)
  12. Liu S.X., Chen X., Chen X.Y., Liu Z.F. and Wang H.L., Activated carbon with excellent chromium (VI) adsorption performance prepared by acid – based surface modification, J. Hazard Mater, 141, 237–242 (2007)
  13. Marcus F., Arafat H.A. and Pinto N.G., Effect of chemical surface heterogeneity on the adsorption mechanism of dissolved aromatics on activated carbon, Carbon, 38, 1807–1819 (1999)
  14. Shen W., Zhijie L. and Yihong L., Surface chemical functional groups modification of porous carbon, Bethan Science Publisher Ltd., 27–32 (2008)
  15. Toles C.A., Marshall W.E. and John M.M., Surface functional group on acid activated nutshell carbon,Carbon, 37, 1207 – 1214 (1999)
  16. Ekpete O.A., Horsfall M. jnr and Tarawou T., Potential of fluted and Commercial Activated Carbons for Phenol removal in Aqueous Systems, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 5,1-9 (2010)
  17. Tarawou T., Wankasi D. and Horsfall M. jnr., Sorption kinetic study on the removal of Basic Blue -9 dye using activated carbon produced from water spinach, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci., 4, 703-709 (2010)
  18. Figueiredo J.L., Pereira M.F.R., Freitas M.M.A. and Orfao J.I.M., Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbon. Carbon, 37, 1379–1389 (1999)
  19. Przepiorski J., Enhanced adsorption of phenol from water by ammonia – treated activated carbon, J. Hazard Mater,135, 453–456 (2006)
  20. Shin S., Jang J., Yoon S.H. and Mochida I.A., Study on the effects of heat treatment on functional groups of pitch based activated carbon fiber, Carbon, 35, 1739–1743 (1997)