International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Effect of Smoking on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Vitamin-D, Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphate, Serum Alkaline Phosphatases and Sex Hormones (Estradiol and Estriol) on Adult Females

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Clinical Dietetics and Community Nutrition KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, Kolkata, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Medical Sci., Volume 3, Issue (7), Pages 1-7, July,28 (2015)

Abstract

Smoking is an important determinant of numerous diseases. This study was carried out in Kolkata to investigate theeffect of smoking on Bone Mineral Density, Serum Vitamin-D, Serum Calcium, Serum Alkaline phosphatases and Sex Hormones (Estradiol and Estriol) on Adult Females. In this study 100 adult females were choosen as subjects. Among them, 50% (50 adult females) were regular smokers and rest of the 50% (50 adult females) were non smokers. After the Statistical analysis, it was found that there was a significant decrease in bone mineral density, Estradiol, Estriol and 1, 25 Dihydroxy vitamin D level in adult female as a result of smoking. Whereas increased level of serum calcium, serum phosphate and serum alkaline Phosphatases was observed as a result of the same in adult female.Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 18). One way ANOVA was used to study the influence of smoking on bone mineral density, Estradiol, Estriol and 1, 25 Dihydroxy vitamin D level, serum calcium, serum phosphate and serum alkaline Phosphatases level .

References

  1. Smith CJ, Livingston SD and Doolittle DJ, An international literature survey of “IARC Group I carcinogens” reported in mainstream cigarette smoke, Food Chem Toxicol, 35(10-11), 1107-1130 (1997)
  2. Rockville MD, U.S. Surgeon General report, The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 20857 (1988)
  3. Gitelman H.J, Anal Biochem, 18, 512 (1967)
  4. Bagainski E.S, Clinical Chemistry,46, 46 (1973)
  5. Rchmond N, Clinical Chemistry,19, (1973)
  6. Chatterjea M.N and Shinde Rana, Text Book of Medical Biochemistry, (1993)
  7. Chatterjee Subhadip and Nandi Ratna, Effectiveness of Diet Therapy and sun exposure in elevation of Vitamin D level , Int. Res. J. Medical Sci., 2(9), 1-5 (2014)
  8. Satyanarayana U and Chakrapani U, Biochemistry,(1999)
  9. Hollenbach KA, Barret-Connor E, Edelstein SL and Holbrook T, Cigarette smoking and bone mineral density in older men and women, Am J Public Health, 83, 1265-1270 (1993)
  10. Ortego Centeno N, Muñoz Torres M, Joidar, E, Hernández Quero J and Jurado Duce A, de la Higuera Torres Puchol J, Effect of tobacco consumption on bone mineral density in healthy young males, Calcif Tissue Int,60, 496-500 (1997)
  11. Brot C, Jorgensen NR and Sorensen OH, The influence of smoking on vitamin D status and calcium metabolism, Eur J Clin Nutr, 53, 920-926 (1999)
  12. Ortego Centeno N, Muñoz Torres M, Hernández , Quero J and Jurado Duce A, de la Higuera Torres Puchol J. Bone mineral density, sex steroids, and mineral metabolism in premenopausal smokers, Calcif Tissue Int, 55, 403-407 (1994)
  13. Austin H, Drews C and Partridge EE, A case-control study of endometrial cancer in relation to cigarette smoking, serum estrogen levels, and alcohol use, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169, 1086-1091 (1993)
  14. Lee Cassidenti D, Vijod AG, Vijod MA, Stanczyk FZ and Lobo RA, Short-term effects of smoking on the pharmacokinetic profiles of micronized estradiol in postmenopausal women, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 163, 1953-1960 (1990)
  15. Thomas EJ, Edridge W, Weddell A, McGill A and McGarrigle HHG, The impact of cigarette smoking on the plasma concentrations of gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids and androgens and upon the metabolism of oestrogens in the human female, Human Reproduction, , 1187-1193 (1993)
  16. Supervía A, Nogués X, Enjuanes A, Vila J, Mellibovsky L., Serrano S, Aubía J and Díez-Pérez A, Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on bone mass bone remodeling, vitamin D, PTH and sex hormones, J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 6(3), 234-241 (2006)