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Assessment of aldosterone and sodium levels in patients with hypertensive pregnancy disorders attending antenatal care in Central Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria and Phytomedicine and Drug Discovery Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria and Applied Environmental Biosciences and Public Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Obstetric/Gynecology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  • 4Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  • 5Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  • 6Department of Obstetric/Gynecology, Edo State University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria

Int. Res. J. Medical Sci., Volume 11, Issue (2), Pages 1-9, August,28 (2023)

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive state that affects 2% to 8% of pregnant adult females globally. Together, decreased advancement of the placenta and aldosterone restriction characterize preeclampsia. In individuals, aldosterone is thought to significantly influence placental and birth weight, why elevated sodium is thought to have a negative impact on this association. The study's goal was to see if this significant correlation suggested that aldosterone and sodium levels could be used as bioindicators for preeclampsia. A prospective case-control study of 248 women was conducted in a secondary healthcare facility in Benin City, Nigeria. Participants in the study were split into two groups: those who had preeclampsia (n=138) and those who did not (n=110). Antecubital venipuncture with a sterile disposable syringe was used to collect 5ml of venous blood from both the subjects and control groups. The study participants also provided spot urine. ELISA® was used to assess plasma aldosterone concentrations, while urine and plasma sodium were determined using an ion selective electrolyte analyzer. Preeclamptic pregnant women had a mean plasma sodium level of 131.24mmol/l, whereas normotensive pregnant women had a little increase to 135.42mmol/l (p>0.05). Although preeclampsia had no influence on urine salt levels regardless of pregnancy stage, it did have an effect on aldosterone levels in the second and third trimesters (211.05-248.30pg/ml). Because preeclamptic individual's aldosterone, plasma, along with urinal sodium concentrations remained unafected by disease occurrence or severity, they cannot be used to predict illness severity in preeclamptic pregnancies.

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