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Evaluation of the repellent activity of Azadirachta indica oil (meliaceae) from Cameroon, and its preparations on Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus

Author Affiliations

  • 1Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy – Université des Montagnes, Bangangté / Cameroon
  • 2Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy – Université des Montagnes, Bangangté / Cameroon
  • 3Laboratory of Pharmacognosy - Université des Montagnes, Bangangté / Cameroon
  • 4Laboratory of Parasitology- Yaoundé 1 University / Cameroon

Res. J. of Pharmaceutical Sci., Volume 11, Issue (1), Pages 1-12, June,30 (2022)

Abstract

The emergence of synthetic insecticides resistant genes in mosquitoes has prompted researchers to develop vector control tools based on the use of natural repellent plants. Thus, in this study, the repellent activity of Azadirachta indica seed oil (Neem oil) as well as that of three of its preparations (candle, cream and lotion all at 30%), were evaluated on experimental populations and on wild populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l., Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus. The repellent effect was assessed in the laboratory, and the percentage of protection duration were noted on the field. Under laboratory condition, Neem oil resulted in 48% repulsion against Culex quinquefasciatus, 10% against Anophelès gambiae and 6% vis-à-vis Aedes albopictus; with the lotion, there was 46% repulsion against Anopheleles gambiae, 25% against Culex quinquefasciatus and 10% against Aedes albopictus. The repellent effect of the cream, was more pronounced on Culex quinquefasciatus with 22% repulsion, versus 19% against Aedes albopictus and 3% against Anopheles gambiae. Candles showed 8% and 14% repulsion respectively against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae. In the field, Culex quinquefasciatus was less sensitive to Neeem oil with a repellency rate of 89% and a protection time of 1hour and 30 minutes. He was even less sensitive to lotion with 30 minutes of protection for a repellency rate of 19%. No bite of Anopheles gambiae s.l. nor of Mansonia was recorded during the entire duration of the test by the volunteers who used Neem oil, that means a repellency rate of 100%. The oily solution (lotion) also recorded a 100% repellency rate against Mansonia sp and Anopheles gambiae for 2 hours 30mn and 3 hours respectively. Thus, Neem oil from Cameroon and its 30% lotion can be used as alternatives to synthetic insecticides in reducing mosquito-human contact and in reducing the density of vector populations.

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