International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Synthesis and Characterization of Soybean Oil Based Biodiesel under Optimal Sonication Power

    ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, INDIA

Res. J. Engineering Sci., Volume 2, Issue (7), Pages 26-32, July,26 (2013)

Abstract

Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance due to depletion and uncontrollable rates of fuel resources. Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic fuel. The use of vegetable oils and their derivatives as alternative for diesel fuel is the best solution in the current scenario. Nowadays economical processes to save the energy and to reduce experimental cost plays very important role in biodiesel production. The present study employed simultaneous application of sonic and mechanical energy to assist transesterification of soybean oil. The objective was to optimize the sonication power to achieve the highest possible yield of methyl ester of soybean oil. Experimental results showed that the optimized reaction conditions involved oil to methanol molar ratio 1:6, sonication power 210 W, catalyst concentration 0.2 wt% of oil and mechanical agitation speed 200-300 rpm at 45°C to yield the soybean oil methyl ester (SOME) up to ~95% yield in 60 minutes. Further, the synthesized SOME was characterized for density, kinematic viscosity, acid number, cetane number, calorific value, flash point, distillation temperature, sulfated ash content, carbon residue and fatty acid composition according to ASTM standards to ensure the quality of SOME to act as biodiesel.

References

  1. Gerhard K., Dunn R.O. and Bagby M.O., Biodiesel fuel: The use of vegetables oils and their derivatives asalternative diesel fuel, available from, http://journeyforever.org/biofuel_library/VegetableOilsKnothe.pdf. (2013)
  2. Alton R. and Cetinkaya S., The potential of using vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines, Energy conv. and Manag.,42, 529-538 (2001)
  3. Schlick M.L. and Hanna M.A., Soybean and sunflower oil performance in diesel engine. ASAE,31, 5 (1988)
  4. Hanna M.F., Biodiesel Fuel Production: A Review. Biores. Technol., 70, 1-15 (1999)
  5. Wright H.J. and Segur J.B., Oil and Soap145 (1944)
  6. Freedman B., Butterfield R.O., Pryde E.H., Transesterification kinetics of soyabean oil, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.,6,1375-1380 (1986)
  7. Schuchardt U. and Sercheli R.J., Transesterification of vegetable oils: A review, J. Braz. Chem. Soc.,9, 199-210 (1998)
  8. Haas M.J., The interplay between feedstock quality and esterification technology in biodiesel production, Lipid Technol., 16, 7-11 (2004)
  9. Mishra S. R., Production of biodiesel (Methyl ester) from Simarouba Glauca Oil, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(50), 66-71 (2012)
  10. Benitez F.A., Effect of the use of ultrasonic waves on biodiesel production in alkaline transesterification of bleached tallow and vegetable oils: cavitation model, Dissertation (English), University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico (2004)
  11. Peng Wu. Y., Jose A., Colucci and Grulke E.A., Effect of Ultrasonication on Droplet Size in Biodiesel Mixtures, J Am Oil Chem Soc.,84, 877-884 (2007)
  12. Stavarache C., Vinatoru M. and Nishimura R., Fatty acids methyl esters from vegetable oil by means of ultrasonic energy, Ultra. Sonochem.,12, 367-372 (2005)
  13. Lee S.B. and Lee J.D., Ultrasonic energy effect on vegetable oil based biodiesel synthetic process, Journal of Ind. and Engg. Chem.,17, 138-143 (2011)
  14. Kelkar M.A., Gogate P.R. and Pandit A.B., Intensification of esterification of acids for synthesis of biodiesel using acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation, Ultra. Sonchem. 15,188-194 (2008)
  15. Batistella L., Lerin L.A. and Oliveira D., Ultrasound-assisted lipase catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil in organic solvent system, Ultrason. Sonochem.,19, 452-458 (2012)
  16. Hingu S.M., Gogate P.R. and Rathod V.K., Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using sonochemicalreactors, Ultra. Sonochem.,17, 827-832 (2010)
  17. Salamatinia B. and Bhatia S.A., A Response surface methodology based modeling of temperature variation in ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production process, World Applied Sciences Journal,12, 1549-1557 (2011)
  18. Salamatinia B., Bhatia S.A., Quality evaluation of biodiesel produced through ultrasound-assisted heterogeneous catalytic system, Fuel Processing Tech.,97, 1-8 (2012)
  19. Mahamuni N.N., Adewuyi Y.G., Optimization of the synthesis of biodiesel via ultrasound-enhanced basecatalyzed transesterification of soybean oil using a multifrequency ultrasonic reactor, Energy Fuels.23, 2757-2766 (2009)
  20. Koc A.B., McKenzie E.H., Effects of ultrasonication on glycerin separation during transesterification of soybean oil, Fuel Processing Tech.,91, 743-748 (2010)
  21. Hsiao M.C., Lin C.C., Ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of soybean oil, Fuel,89, 3618-3622 (2010)
  22. Stavarache C., Vinatoru M., Aspects of ultrasonically assisted transesterification of various vegetable oils with methanol, Ultra. Sonochem.,14, 380–386 (2007)
  23. Zhu N, Takashi, Tsuchiya and Jiang Y. Transesterification of soybean oil by using sonochemistry effect and its application, Ecotopia science, 282-284 (2007)
  24. Rodrigues S., Mazzone L.C.A. Santos F.F.P., Optimization of the production of ethyl esters by ultrasound assisted reaction of soybean oil and ethanol, Braz. J. Chem. Eng.,26, 361-366 (2009)
  25. Santos F.F.P., Mazzone L.C.A., Optimization of the production of methyl esters from soybean waste oil applying ultrasound technology, Energy Fuels, 23, 4116–4120 (2009)
  26. Deshmane V.G., Gogate P.R. and Pandit A.B., Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,48, 7923-7927 (2009)
  27. Deng Xin and Fang Zhen., Ultrasonic transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil to biodiesel by a two-step process, Energy Convers. Manag., 51, 2802-2807 (2010)
  28. Metcalfe L.D. and Schmitz AA., The rapid preparation of fatty acid ester for gas chromatographic analysis, Anal. Chem., 33, 363-364 (1961)
  29. Annual book of ASTM standards, petroleum products and lubricants (I–III), vols. 05.01–05. 03. Philadelphia, (1991)
  30. Refaat A.A., Attia N.K. and Sibak H.A., Production optimization and quality assessment of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil, Int J Environ Sci Techno., 5,75-82 (2008)
  31. Lee L.R., Biodiesel production from Jatropha oil and its characterization, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1), 81-87 (2011)
  32. Singh, A.K., Fernando, S.D. and Hernandez R., Base-catalyzed fast transesterification of soybean oil using ultrasonication, Energy Fuels, 21, 1161-1164 (2007)
  33. Santos F.F.P. and Mazzone L.C.A., Optimization of the production of biodiesel from soybean oil by ultrasound assisted methanolysis, Fuel Process. Technol.,90, 312-316 (2009)
  34. Van G., Shanks B. and Pruszko R., NREL, Biodiesel analytical methods, July (2004)
  35. Geller D.P. and Goodrum J.W., Effects of specific fatty acid methyl esters on diesel fuel lubricity, Fuel, 83, 2351-2356 (2004)
  36. Kontominas M.G. and Georgogianni K.G., Transesterification of rapeseed oil for the production of biodiesel using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, Fuel Processing Techno.,90, 1016-1022 (2009)
  37. Ching Y.C. and Biodiesel production from Tung oil and blended oil via ultrasonic transesterification process, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42, 640-644 (2011)
  38. Encinar J.M. and Martinez. G., Soybean oil transesterification by the use of a microwave flow system, Fuel,95, 386-393 (2012)
  39. Linus N. and Okoro et. al, Synthesis, Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of Ground nut Oil Biodiesel and Blends, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(3), 49-57 (2011)