International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Seasonal Variations and Effect of Radiation on Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity in Opencast Coal Mine

    , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 4, Issue (7), Pages 17-23, July,22 (2015)

Abstract

Jharia coalfield in Jharkhand, India, is also known for the largest coalfields in India. The enzyme activities play an important role in soil fertility and productivity. It indicates extremely sensitive changes in the soil health. The need for the survey of radiation effect in these sites is important for vegetation and health assessment of those people who are staying near these areas. Monitoring and sampling of soil were done in seven sampling locations of Bastacola, Rajapura, Lodna and Kustor from August 2009 to April 2010. All sampling locations lie between latitude 23° 39' to 23° 48' N and longitude86° 11' to 86° 27' E. Variations of physico-chemical parameters were studied in summer and winter season. Effect of radiation on two types of enzymes activity like dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CTA) were studied. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that twelve soil quality parameters had a significant difference (p 0.05) in two seasons. Enzyme activity in fire zones was found zero in spite of having high N, P, K and organic carbon. While grassland and natural vegetation showed high enzyme activity due to lesser radiation effect. The damage of microorganisms was increased due to the increase of Gamma rays. Available N, P, K and organic carbon found maximum with respect to Bastacola. Effect of Gamma radiation was found to be strongly negatively correlated with dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and catalase activity (CTA).

References

  1. Rao K.V., Reddy P.Y., Ramchander R.B. and Reddy K.R., Airborne radon and its progeny levels in the coal mines of Godavarikhani, Andhra Pradesh, India. J. Radiol. Prot.,21, 259-268 (2001)
  2. Machulla G., Bruns M.A. and Scow K.M., Microbial properties of mine spoil materials in the initial stages of soil development, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69, 1069–1077 (2005)
  3. Amador J.A., Glucksman A.M., Lyons J.B. and Gorres J.H., Spatial distribution of soil phosphatase activity within a riparian forest, Soil Sci.162, 808–825 (1997)
  4. Waldrop M.P., Balser T.C. and Firestone M. K., Linking microbial community composition to function in a tropical soil, Soil Biol. Biochem.32, 1837–1846 (2000)
  5. Sinsabaugh R.L., Carreiro M. M. and Repert D.A., Allocation of extracellular enzymatic activity in relation to litter composition, N deposition, and mass loss, Biogeochemistry, 60, 1–24 (2002)
  6. Halvorson J.J., Smith J.L. and Papendick R.I., Integration of multiple soil parameters to evaluate soil quality: a field example, Biol. Fertil. Soils,21, 207–214 (1996)
  7. Pankhurst .E., Biodiversity of soil organisms as an indicator. Resour. Rep. 73, Land and Water Dev. Div., Food and Agric. of soil health, 297–324(1997)
  8. Trasar-Cepeda C., Leiros C., Gil-Sortes F. and Seona S., Towards a biochemical quality index for soils: an expression relating several biological and biochemical properties, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 26, 100-106 (1998)
  9. Saviozzi A., Levi-Minzi R., Cardelli R. and Riffaldi R., A comparison of soil quality in adjacent cultivated, forested and native grassland soils, Plant Soil, 233, 251-259 (2001)
  10. Killham K. and Staddon W.J., Bioindicators and sensors of soil health and the application of geosta- tistics. In: Burns R.G. and Dick R.P. (Eds.), Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, 391- 405 (2002)
  11. Speir T.W. and Ross D.J., Hydrolytic enzyme activities to assess soil degradation and recovery, In: Burns R.G. and Dick R.P. (Eds.), Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, 407- 431 (2002)
  12. Burns R.G., Enzyme in soil: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations, In: Burn, R.G. (Ed.), Soil Enzyme. Academic Press, London, 295-339 (1978)
  13. Rodriguez K.R. and Truelove B., Effects of crop rotation and fertilization on catalase activity in a soil of the southeastern United States, Plant Soil, 69, 97–104 (1982)
  14. Hofmann E. and Seegerer A.,Enzyme systems of our cultivated soil. I, Sucrase. Biochem. Z., 322174 (1951)
  15. Ladd J.N., Soil Enzymes, In: Vaughan, D. and Malcome, Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity, Martinus Nijhoff Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 175-221 (1985)
  16. Nannipieri P.B., Kandler E. and Ruggiero P., Enzyme Activity and Microbial and Biochemical Processes in Soil. In: Burns R.G. and R.P. Dick (Eds.). Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1-33 (2002)
  17. Sparling G.P., The soil biomass, In D. Vaughan, and R.E. Malcolm (ed.) Soil organic matter and biological activity. Martinus Nijhoff/ Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht: 224-262 (1985)
  18. Lee K.E. and Pankhurst C.E., Soil organisms and sustainable productivity, Australian J. Soil Res.,30, 855-92 (1992)
  19. Kathren R.L., NORM sources and their origins, Appl. Radiat. lost., 49, 149-168 (1998)
  20. Semkow T.M. and Parekh P.P., Principles of gross alpha and beta radioactivity detection in water, Health Phys.,81 (5), 567-574 (2001)
  21. Baykara O., Dogru M., Inceoz M. and Aksoy E., Measurements of radon emanation from soil samples in triple-junction of the North and East Anatolian active fault systems in Turkey, Radiat. Meas.,39(2), 209–212 (2005)
  22. Gavrilescu M., Pavel L.V. and Cretescu I., Characterization and remediation of soils contaminated with uranium, J. hazard. Mat., 163(2), 475-510 (2009)
  23. APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water, 131–161 (1995)
  24. Fernandez F.J. and Manning D.C., Atomic absorption analyses of metal pollutants in water using heated graphite atomizer, Atomic Absorption Newsletter.10, 65-69 (1971)
  25. Casida L.E., Microbial metabolic activity in soil as measured by dehydrogenase determinations, Appl Environ Microbiol.,34, 630–636 (1977)
  26. Johnson J.L. and Temple K.L., Some variables affecting the measurement of catalase activity in soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.,28, 207-209 (1964)