International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Impact of Certain Pollution Sources on Microbiology and Physicochemical Properties of Borewell water in the Northern Part of Ernakulam District in Kerala, India

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Thrissur-680 566, Kerala, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 2, Issue (1), Pages 1-8, January,22 (2013)

Abstract

The physicochemical and bacteriological properties of borewell water in certain selected areas of Ernakulam District have been studied. Seven different sites were selected for the study and the criteria considered for the selection includes industrial area (BW1), solid waste dumping (BW2), play ground (BW3) oil refineries (BW4), agricultural area (BW5), colony area with poor sanitization facilities (BW6) and sewage discharge (BW7). Various parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total alkalinity, chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, fluorides, total dissolved solids, iron, zinc, total coliforms, fecal coliforms etc. have been determined and have been compared with standard guideline values recommended by BIS and WHO to see the quality and suitability of borewell water. The study reveals the unfavorable influence of various anthropogenic activities and other factors on the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of borewell water. The present investigation indicates the bore well water sample BW3 is safe and fit for human consumption. The water samples BW1, BW2, BW4, BW6 and BW7 are not fit for human consumption but permissible for irrigation purposes. The water sample BW5 is found unsuitable for human consumption and also not safe for irrigation purposes.

References

  1. Raymond F., Le Problame dis ean dans le monde (problems of water), EB and Sons Ltd., UK, 5-103 (1992)
  2. Zoeteman B.C.G., Sensory assessment of water quality, Oxford Pergaman press. U.K., 108 (1980)
  3. Kegley S.E. and Andrews J., Chemistry of Water. University Science Books, California (1997)
  4. Moharir A., Ramteke D.S., Moghe C. A., Wate S.R. and Sarin R., Surface and ground water quality assessment in Bina region, Ind. J. Environ. Protec., 22(9), 961-969 (2002)
  5. APHA., Standard Methods for Examine nation of Water and Waste Water,14th Edn., American Public Health Association, Washington DC. (1975)
  6. Hynes H.B.N., The biology of polluted waters. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 202 (1960)
  7. Hamilton P. and Helsel D.R. Ground Water,33(2)(1995)
  8. Nageswara Rao K., Swarna Latha P. and Ramesh Kumar P.V., Indian T Environ Prot., 27(11), 996 (2007)
  9. Ramakrishnaiah C.R., Sadashivaia C. and Ranganna G., E Journal of Chemistry, 6 (2), 523 (2009)
  10. Freeze R.A. and Cherry J.A., Ground water. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersery. 238 (1979)
  11. APHA-AWWA-WPCF., Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association, Washington DC. (1989)
  12. BIS IS 1622. (R 2003).Methods of Sampling and Microbiological Examination of Water (1981)
  13. BIS., Indian Standard Specification for drinking water, IS 10500, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (1992)
  14. WHO., Guidelines for Drinking water Quality, Second Edition-Volume 2 – Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information, Geneva (1996)
  15. Tihansky D.P., Economic damages from residential use of mineralized water supply, Water Resour. Res., 10 (2), 145 (1974)
  16. APHA, AWWA and WPCF., Standard Methods for Examine nation of Water and Waste Water, 16th Edn., New York (1985)
  17. Dhembare A. J., Ponde G. M. and Singh C. R., Pollution Research, 17(87), (1998)
  18. Bhujangaiah N.S. and Vasudeva Nayak P., Study of ground water quality in and around Shimoga City, Karnataka, J. Ind. Coun. Chem., 22 (1), 42-47 (2005)
  19. WHO., International Standards for Drinking Water, 3rdEdn., World Health Organization, Geneva (1984)
  20. Prasad R.N., Ran Chandra and Tiwari K.K., Status of Groundwater quality of Lalsot urban area in Dausa district Rajasthan, Nature Environ. Poll. Tech., 7(3) 377-384 (2008)
  21. Zutshi D.P. and Khan A.V., Ground Water Quality: Southern India, Indian J. Env. Health., 30 (4), 348-354 (1998)
  22. ICMR., Manual of standards of quality of drinking water supplies. Indian Council of Medical Research (1975)
  23. Aydin A., The Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Ground water in West in West Threce, Turkey, Polish J Environ. Stud., 16(3), 377- 383 (2007)
  24. Regumathan P., Beauman W.H. and Kreusch E.G., Efficiency of point of use treatment devices, J. Am. Water Works Assoc.,75(1), 42 (1983)
  25. Mahajan S.V., Savita Khare., Shrivastava V.S., A correlation and regression study, Indian J. Environ Protec., 25(3), 254-259 (2005)
  26. Kelly W.P., Alkali Soils – Their formations, Properties and Reclamation. Reinhold Publ., New York (1951)
  27. Todd D.K., Ground water Hydrology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and sons, New York (1980)
  28. Domenico P.A. and Schwartz F.W., Physical and Chemical Hydrology, John Wiley and sons, New York, 168 (1990)
  29. Mahananda M.R., Mohanty B.P. and Behera N.R., Physico-chemical analysis of surface and ground water of Bargarh district, Orissa, India, IJRRAS, 2(3), 284 (2010)
  30. Cohen J.M., Lamphake L.J., Harris E.K. and Woodward R.L., Taste threshold concentrations of metals in drinking water, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 52, 660 (1960)
  31. Dillman E., Gale C., Green W.E., Johnson D.G., Mackler B. and Finch C., Hypothermia in iron deficiency due to altered trycodo-thyronine metabolism, Am. J. of Physiol., 2 (1987)
  32. Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike., Adejoye Oluseyi Damilola., Ogunnusi Tolulope Adeola., Fajobi Enobong A. and Shittu Olufunke B., Microbiological and Physicochemical analysis of different water samples used for domestic purposes in Abeokuta and Ojota, Lagos State, Nigeria, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(5), 617- 621 (2008)