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Effect of seasonal variability on the physico-chemical quality of surface and groundwater of the Mbe plateau in Pool-north (Republic of Congo)

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Mechanical, Energy and Engineering Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique (Marien Ngouabi University), BP 69 - Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
  • 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology (Marien Ngouabi University), BP 69 - Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
  • 3Department of Geology, Faculty of Science and Technology (Marien Ngouabi University), BP 69 - Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
  • 4Mechanical, Energy and Engineering Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique (Marien Ngouabi University), BP 69 - Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
  • 5Mechanical, Energy and Engineering Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique (Marien Ngouabi University), BP 69 - Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 13, Issue (1), Pages 37-45, January,22 (2024)

Abstract

Water is a vital resource for humanity. The quality of this resource is essential for the preservation of ecosystems and human health. This study examines the effect of seasonal variability on the physicochemical quality of surface and groundwater in the Mbe Plateau region of Pool-Nord in the Republic of Congo. One hundred and twenty (120) water samples from eight different water sources, including one well, four boreholes and three rivers, between November 2017 and August 2018 were studied. Laboratory analyzes of these samples make it possible to characterize the physicochemical elements of the water. These results are processed using a hydrochemical method, using the diagrams of: Piper, Schoeller Berkaloff, Stiff, and Wilcox. The results show that the values obtained after the analysis of the water samples do not present any significant variation and all comply with the WHO standards for drinking water, except for the temperature which is slightly higher than normal, with values between 24.1 and 27.1°C. The electrical conductivity values range from 5.14 to 16.3 μS/cm and do not show significant seasonal variation. The pH of the waters varies from 4.02 to 6.4, indicating an acidity that does not follow seasonal variation, confirming the acidic nature of the water in the study region. The values of the other physicochemical parameters of the water do not vary significantly depending on the seasons. The waters of the region belong to the calcic chloride facies. The dry season revealed the presence of a second calcic bicarbonate facies. The waters are weakly mineralized and belong to the excellent group on the Wilcox diagram, indicating their drinkability.

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