Spot Polymorphism and Size Do not Indicate Sex Identity: Implications for the Random Selection Method for Natural Spawning of Spotted Barb (Puntius binotatus) in Pond

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Spot Polymorphism and Size Do not Indicate Sex Identity: Implications for the Random Selection Method for Natural Spawning of Spotted Barb (Puntius binotatus) in Pond

Author Affiliations

¹Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA
² Innovasi Sedia Private Ltd. Lot 37, Block E, Ground Floor, New World Commercial Center, Penampang, Sabah, MALAYSIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 3, Issue (4), Pages 33-37, April,10 (2014)

Abstract

The relationship between the numbers of spot, sex and size of the spotted barb, Puntius binotatus was investigated in order to develop a phenotypic sex identification method for the broodstock management of this species. A total of 77 fish specimens with total length (TL) ranged from 4.0 to 9.6 cm were examined for spot polymorphism (3 spots and 4 spots) and sex. Chi’s square test analysis showed spot polymorphism did not correlate with sex identity. The spot polymorphism appeared in both male and female fish at various sizes. These results suggest that such polymorphism is not a result of the morphological changes during the fish growth. The sex ratio in P. binotatuswas found to be 1: 1.2(male: female). Male reproductive organ (testis) was found fully developed first at TL 4.0 cm while ovary was observed in larger fish (TL 4.95 cm). The present study concluded that the spot polymorphism is not a reliable phenotypic sex identification method. Nevertheless, random selection of at least 77 fish with minimum size 4.0 cmas broodstocks would be sufficient for the natural spawning of P. binotatusin pond.

References

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Lim, L.-S., Chor, W.-K.,Tuzan, A.D., Malitam, L., Gondipon, R. and Ransangan, J., Length-weight relationships of the pond-cultured spotted barb (Puntius binotatus), Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 2(7), 61-63 (2013)
Rahmawati, I., Aspects of reproductive biology in the common barb (Puntius binotatus C. V. 1842, Family Cyprinidae) at the upstream region of Ciliwung River, Western Jawa. M. Sc. Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia (in Indonesian) (2006)
Dorado, E.L., Torres, M.A.J. and Demayo, C.G., Sexual dimorphism in body shapes of the spotted barb fish, Puntius binotatus of Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines, AACL BIOFLUX, , 321-329 (2012)
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Sohn, J.J. and Crews, D., Size-mediated onset of genetically determined maturation in the platyfish, Xiphorus maculates,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA74, 4547-4548 (1977)
Long, K.D. and Houde, A.E., Orange spots as a visual cue for female mate choice in the guppy (Poecilia reticula). Ethol, 82, 316-324 (2010)
Orton, R.D., Wright, L.S. and Hess, H., Spot polymorphism in Girella nigricans (Perciformes: Kyphosidae): geographic and inter-size class variation. Copiea, 1987, 198-204 (1987)
Baird, I.G., Inthaphaisy, V., Kisouvannalath, P.,Phylavanh, B. and Mounsouphom B., The Fishes of Southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao (1999)

[ref1] Talwar P.K. and Jhingran, A.G., Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, , A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands (1991)

[ref2] Roberts T.R., The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia), Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., 14, 210 (1989)

[ref3] Robins C.R., Bailey R.M., Bond C.E., Brooker J.R., Lachner E.A., Lea R.N. and Scott, W.B., World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada, Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 21, 243 (1991)

[ref4] Jenkins A., Kullander F.F. and Tan H.H., Puntius binotatus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (version 2012.1). www.iucnredlist.org (2009)

[ref5] Rainboth W.J., FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1996)

[ref6] Baumgartner L., Fish in Irrigation Supply Offtakes: A Literature Review. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Research Report Series: 11, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia (2005)

[ref7] Tongnunui, S. and Beamish, F.W.H., Habitat and relative abundance of fishes in small rivers in eastern Thailand, Environ. Biol. Fish., 85, 209-220 (2009)

[ref8] Mat Isa M., Md Rawi C.S., Rosla R., Mohd Shah S.A. and Md Shah A.S.R., Length-weight relationships of freshwater fish species in Kerian River Basin and Pedu Lake, Res. J. Fish. Hydrobiol., 5(1), 1-8 (2010)

[ref9] Zakeyudin M.S., Isa M.M., Md Rawi C.S. and Md Shah A.S., Assessment of suitability of Kerian River tributaries using length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of six freshwater fish species, J. Environ. Earth Sci., , 52-60 (2012)

[ref10] Lim, L.-S., Chor, W.-K.,Tuzan, A.D., Malitam, L., Gondipon, R. and Ransangan, J., Length-weight relationships of the pond-cultured spotted barb (Puntius binotatus), Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 2(7), 61-63 (2013)

[ref11] Rahmawati, I., Aspects of reproductive biology in the common barb (Puntius binotatus C. V. 1842, Family Cyprinidae) at the upstream region of Ciliwung River, Western Jawa. M. Sc. Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia (in Indonesian) (2006)

[ref12] Dorado, E.L., Torres, M.A.J. and Demayo, C.G., Sexual dimorphism in body shapes of the spotted barb fish, Puntius binotatus of Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines, AACL BIOFLUX, , 321-329 (2012)

[ref13] Kottelat, M., Whitten, A.J.,Kartikasari, S.N. and Wirjoatmodjo, S., Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi, Periplus Editions Ltd., Hong Kong, China (1993)

[ref14] Herre A.W.C.T., Distribution of the true freshwater fishes in the Philippines, I. The Philippine Cyprinidae, Philipp. J. Sci., 24, 249-307 (1924)

[ref15] Sohn, J.J. and Crews, D., Size-mediated onset of genetically determined maturation in the platyfish, Xiphorus maculates,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA74, 4547-4548 (1977)

[ref16] Long, K.D. and Houde, A.E., Orange spots as a visual cue for female mate choice in the guppy (Poecilia reticula). Ethol, 82, 316-324 (2010)

[ref17] Orton, R.D., Wright, L.S. and Hess, H., Spot polymorphism in Girella nigricans (Perciformes: Kyphosidae): geographic and inter-size class variation. Copiea, 1987, 198-204 (1987)

[ref18] Baird, I.G., Inthaphaisy, V., Kisouvannalath, P.,Phylavanh, B. and Mounsouphom B., The Fishes of Southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao (1999)