International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Incidence of Human Metapneumovirus in Hospitalized Patients Admitted for Respiratory Illness in Malaysia

Author Affiliations

  • 1Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
  • 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Malaysia, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA
  • 3 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 3, Issue (2), Pages 51-57, February,10 (2014)

Abstract

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging human respiratory pathogen. It clinically resembles respiratory syncytial virus, which causes both upper and lower respiratory tract disease, and has been associated with serious respiratory illness particularly among infants and young children. To date, no published data on the incidence of hMPV infection has been reported in Malaysia. This study was conducted from February 2010 till March 2012. In this period of study, the Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Kuala Lumpur received a total of 2600 respiratory samples from hospitalized patients in Malaysia, suspected with upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Out of this number, 625 patient samples were negative for RSV,Adenovirus, Parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, Flu A and Flu B, which are the routine respiratory virus detection done in the laboratory of the department. The negative samples were then analyzed for hMPV by viral culture, and Direct Immunofluorescence assay, for the detection on hMPV in samples. Further confirmation by doing reverse-transcription PCR was done on all 625 respiratory samples. This method targeted hMPV polymerase (L) gene of 170bp fragment. A phylogenetic tree based on 450 bp fragment of the F gene was also constructed. The results of F gene region showed (93%) homology to the reference sequence from the NCBI AAQ67695.1. Out of all the samples analyzed, 130 respiratory samples (20.8%) were positive by viral culture method and by Immunofluorescence assay and 167 (26.7%) were positive for Human metapneumovirus by PCR.The most common clinical findings include fever, cough, and wheezing. Most of the hMPV positive cases were detected were from hMPV A2 sublineage.

References

  1. Williams B.G., Gouws E., Boschi-Pinto C., Bryce J. and Dye C., Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections, Lancet Infect Dis.,2, 25-32 (2002)
  2. Murray C., A. Lopez, C. Mathers and C. Stein, The Global Burden of Disease 2000 project: aims, methods and data sources, In Global programme on evidence for health policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2001)
  3. Henrickson K.J., Hoover S., Kehl K.S. and Hua W., National disease burden of respiratory viruses detected in children by polymerase chain reaction, Pediatr Infect Dis J.,23, 11-18 (2004)
  4. Peck A.J., Holman R.C., Curns A.T., Lingappa J.R., Cheek J.E., Singleton R.J., Carver K. and Anderson L.J., Lower respiratory tract infections among American Indian and Alaska native children and the general population of U.S. children, Pediatr Infect Dis J., 24, 342-351 (2005)
  5. North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, North Carolina Division of Public Health (NDPH). Healthy Carolinians. [Internet]. Raleigh: NDPH; updated May 3, Available from: http://www.healthycarolinians.org (2010)
  6. Khor S.C., Sam I.C., Hooi C.S., Quek K.F. and Chan Y.F., Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years, BMC Pediatrics,12, 32 (2012)
  7. Esper F., Boucher D., Weibel C., Martinello R.A. and Kahn J.S., Human metapneumovirus infection in the United States: clinical manifestations associated with a newly emerging respiratory infection in children, Pediatrics,111, 1407–1410 (2003)
  8. van den Hoogen B.G., van Doornum G.J.J., Fockens J.C., Cornelissen J.J., Beyer W.E.P., de Groot R., Osterhaus A.D.M.E. and Fouchier R.A.M., Prevalence and clinical symptoms of human metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized patients, J Infect Dis.,188, 1571–1577 (2003)
  9. Skiadopoulos M.H., Biacchesi S., Buchholz U.J., Riggs J.M., Surman S.R., Amaro-Carambot E., McAuliffe J.M., Elkins W.R. et al., The two major human Metapneumovirus genetic lineages are highly related antigenically and the fusion (F) protein is a majorcontributor to this antigenic relatedness, J. Virol., 78,6927–6937 (2004)
  10. Huck B., Scharf G., Neumann-Heifelin D., Puppe W., Weigl J. and Falcone V., Novel human metapneumovirus sublineage; Emerg. Infect. Dis.,12, 147–150 (2006)
  11. Carr M.J., Waters A., Fenwick F., Toms G.L., Hall W.W., Molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in Ireland, J Med Virol, 80, 510–516 (2008)
  12. Biacchesi S., Skiadopoulos M.H., Boivin G., Hanson C.T., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. et al., Genetic diversity between metapneumovirus subgroups, Virology,315,1–9. doi: 10.1016/S0042-6822 (2003)
  13. van den Hoogen B.G., J.C. de Jong, J. Groen, T. Kuiken, R. de Groot, R. A. M. Fouchier, and A. D. M. E. Osterhaus.. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease, Nat. Med.,7, 719–724 (2001)
  14. Cote S., Y. Abed, and G. Boivin, Comparative evaluation of real-time PCR assays for detection of the human metapneumovirus, J.Clin.Microbiol., 41, 3631-3635 (2003)
  15. Mackay I.M., Jacob K.C., Woolhouse D., Waller K., Syrmis M.W., Whiley D.M., Siebert D.J., Nissen M. and Sloots T.P., Molecular assays for detection of human metapneumovirus, J.Clin.Microbiol., 41, 100-105 (2003)
  16. van den Hoogen B.G., Bestebroer T.M., Osterhaus A.D. and Fouchier R.A., Analysis of the genomic sequence of a human metapneumovirus, Virology, 295, 119-132 (2002)
  17. Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M., Kumar S., MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0, Molecular Biology and Evolution,24, 1596–1599 (2007)
  18. Nei M. and Kumar S., Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York (2000)
  19. Pelletier G., Déry P., Abed Y., and Boivin G., Respiratory tract reinfections by the new human metapneumovirus in an immunocompromised child, Emerg. Infect. Dis.,8, 976-978 (2002)
  20. William A., Human Metapneumovirus: A Newly Described Respiratory Tract Pathogen, The J. of the American Board of Family Practice,17, 466-469 (2004)
  21. Rhorer et al, Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children: a meta-analysis of nine randomized clinical trials, Vaccine, 27, 1101-1110(2009)
  22. Ebihara T., Endo R., Kikuta H., Ishiguro N., Ishiko H., Hara M. et al., Human metapneumovirus infection in Japanese children, J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, 126–132 (2004)
  23. Boivin G., Mackay I., Sloots T.P., Madhi S., Freymuth F., Wolf D., Shemer-Avni Y., Ludewick H. et al, Global genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus fusion gene, Emerg. Infect.Dis., 10 1154–1157 (2004)
  24. Lionel A. Mandell. Etiologies of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41, 503–6 (2005)
  25. Brenner IK, Castellani JW, Gabaree C, Young AJ, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ, Shek PN, J Appl Physiol, 87(2), 699-710 (1999)
  26. von Linstow, M. L., J. Eugen-Olsen, A. Koch, T. N. Winther, H. Westh, and B. Hogh.. Excretion patters of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus among young children, Eur. J. Med. Res., 11, 329-335 (2006)