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Histopathological observations of gonads and liver of African catfish Clarias gariepinus induced by a commercial insecticide Thalis 112 EC

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Author Affiliations

  • 1University Joseph Ki Zerbo; Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, Cytogenetics and Biology of Reproduction of the University Hospital of Bogodogo, Burkina-Faso
  • 2University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin
  • 3University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin
  • 4University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin
  • 5Mayo Clinic, Molecular Medicine/ Department of Hematology-Oncology, USA
  • 6University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin
  • 7University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin
  • 8University of Parakou; Research Laboratory in Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecotoxicology (LaRAEAq); Benin

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 12, Issue (3), Pages 1-9, November,10 (2023)

Abstract

Thalis 112 EC, a binary insecticide consisting of synthetic molecules Emamectin benzoate (48g/l) and Acetamiprid (64g/l) is used in cotton growing in Benin. In several ways, this insecticide ends up in waterways. However, the harmful effects of this biocide on the aquatic biotopes, ultimate receptacles of these pollutants and especially on the aquatic biocenosis are not well studied and reported. Our study aims to investigate the histopathological observations of the gonads and liver of a well-represented species in the ecosystems of Benin, the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish (42.3 ± 15.73g) were submitted to six sub-lethal concentrations (in triplicates) of Thalis (0.00, 0.03, 0.6, 0.12, 0.25 and 0.49ppm) for 28 days. Fish gonads and liver were sampled on days 28 of Thalis exposure. Observations of samples revealed a down regulated spermatogenesis while oogenesis was upregulated with atretic follicular oocytes up to 60% in females, indicating an estrogenic effects related to Thalis exposure. Degenerative alterations such as necrosis, vacuolation, fibrosis, lobes with immature cells within their lumen, lobular disorganization, have been observed in the testis, while necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation and cytoplasmic retraction have been identified in the ovaries. The histopathological abnormalities observed in liver were necrosis, vacuolation, melanomacrophagic centres, hydropic changes and nuclear hypertrophy. The present survey indicates that Thalis can affect the gonads and liver of African catfish. Therefore, this pesticide should be cautiously handled in agriculture away from any natural sources of water.

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