International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

History of 'Colonial Education'in Andhra: Response from Various Castes

Author Affiliations

  • 1 Department of History, Assam University (Central University), Diphu Campus, Assam, INDIA

Res. J.Educational Sci., Volume 1, Issue (6), Pages 8-17, August,1 (2013)

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to critically analyze the growth of education among the various castes during colonial period in Andhra. With the intervention of colonial rule witnessed greater progress in the growth of education among the lower castes. In the second half of the 19th century government revised educational code and adopted a new scheme of payments which influenced the growth of education among the non-Brahman castes. The series of Acts were as catalysts for a wider change in the middle classes as well as the depressed castes in the society. The new forces created by the British rule and western education weakened the traditional social order and broke down the intellectuals monopoly of the Brahmins. Not only did it break the traditional order of the society and Brahmin’s domination, in the post-formation of Andhra Pradesh the non-Brahmin castes also got the political power in the state and continued the same kind of domination as the Brahmins played during colonial period. But the lower caste situation was the same. By analyzing colonial education and its importance in the wider socio-historical context this paper would address responses of the various castes towards colonial education in Andhra.

References

  1. Antonio Gramsci, Selection from Prison Note Books, Edited and Translated by Quitin Hoare abd Geoffrey Mowell Smith, (Lawrence and Wshart, London), 350 (1970)
  2. Therbon, The Ideology of Power and the Power of Ideology, (Verso, London), 89 (1980)
  3. Antonio, Gramsci, The Modern Prince and other Writings, (International Publishers, New York) (1957)
  4. Sitaram, Yechuri, Educational Development in India, Social Scientist, XIV, (2-5), 5 (1986)
  5. Marx, Karl., The German Ideology, Mascow, 67 (1976)
  6. Aparna Basu., Colonial Education: A comparative Approach, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Presidential Address on Modern Indian Section, Gorakhpur, 50, 707 (1989)
  7. Panikkar K.N., Culture, Ideology, and Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness in Colonial India, (Tulika Publication, New Delhi), 96 (2011)
  8. Sharp H ed., Selections from Educational Records (1881-1839, (Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta), (Andhra Pradesh State Archives, Hyderabad), (Part-1), 51 (1965)
  9. Hemingway F.R., Godavari District, Madras District Gazetteer, (Madras, A.P State Archives, Hyderabad), , 157(1907)
  10. Hemingway F.R., Godavari District, Madras District Gazetteer, (Madras, A.P State Archives, Hyderabad), 1,(1907)
  11. Vaikuntam Y., Education and Social Change in South India and Andhra (1880-1920), (New Era Publications, Madras), 14 (1982)
  12. Nurallah S. and Naik J.P., A Student History of Education in India (1800-1973),(McMillan, New Delhi), 99 (1974)
  13. Mangamma J., The Rate Schools of Godavari,A.P State Archives Monograph, Hyderabad (1973) , Vittal Rao Y., Education and Learning under East India Company, (Vidyaranya Swamy, Secundrabad), 127-128 (1979)
  14. Richey J.A. ed., Selections from Education Records (1840-1859), (Part-II) (Superintendent Government Press, Calcutta) (A.P State Archives. Hyderabad), 364-393 (1965)
  15. Government of India., Collection of Dispatch’s Education (1854-1868), (A.P State Archives, Hyderabad) 3-4 (1965)
  16. Government of India., Collection of Dispatch’s Education (1854-1868), (A.P State Archives, Hyderabad) 3-4 (1965)
  17. Meclan C.D., Manual of Administration of Madras Presidency, (Madras State Archives, Madras, Reprint by Asian Educational Service New Delhi), , 567 (1987)
  18. Manikyamba P., Educational Progress and Social Change in Godavari District (1850-1900), Ithihas, XI, 83-84 (1983)
  19. Nurallah S. and Naik J.P., A Student History of Education in India (1800-1973), (McMillan, New Delhi),viii-ix (1974)
  20. Vaikuntam Y., Education and Social Change in South India and Andhra (1880-1920), (New Era Publications, Madras), 30 (1982)
  21. Hemingway F.R., Godavari District, Madras District Gazetteer, (Madras, A.P State Archives, Hyderabad), , (1907)
  22. Aparna Basu., Growth of Education and Political Development 1898-1920(Oxford University Press, London), 99 (1974)
  23. Aparna Basu., Indian Primary Education, 1900-1920, Indian Economic and Social Historical Review. VIII(1), 288-293 (1971)
  24. Vaikuntam Y., Education and Social Change in South India and Andhra (1880-1920), (New Era Publications, Madras), 80-81 (1982)
  25. Ramakrishna V., Social Reform in Andhra:1840-1919,(Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi), 22 (1983)
  26. Baliga B.S., Studies in Madras Administration, (Vol-II) Madras, 515 (1920)
  27. Bose A.C. and Well John., Nellore District Gazetteer, (Government of Madras Presidency, Madras, 1873) , 242-244 (1992)
  28. Bose A.C. and Well John., Nellore District Gazetteer, (Government of Madras Presidency, Madras, 1873) , 242-244 (1992)
  29. The tribes "notified" under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 were labelled as Criminal Tribes for their so-called "criminal tendencies". As a result anyone born in these approximately 160 communities across the country was presumed as a "born criminal", irrespective of their criminal precedents. This gave the police sweeping powers to arrest them, control them, and monitor their movements. Once a tribe was officially notified, its members had no recourse to repeal such notices under the judicial system. From then on, their movements were monitored through a system of compulsory registration and passes, which specified where the holders could travel and reside, and district magistrates were required to maintain records of all such people. See in Radhakrishna, Meena., Dishonoured by History: ‘Criminal Tribes’ and British Colonial Policy,(Orient Blackswan, New Delhi) (2001)
  30. Gopalakrishna Chetty ed., A Manual of Kurnool District(Government of Madras Presidency, Madras, 1886) (1992)
  31. C.F Bracken Burry C.F., Cuddapah District Gazetteer, (Government of Madras Presidency, Madras, 1915) , 340-347 (1992)
  32. Fourth Quinquennial Review of Education India, 18971901-02, Calcutta, 18, (Vol-I) (2013)
  33. Census of India 1911, Government of Madras, I,(Madras),124-126, (1911)
  34. Mazumdar R.C. ed., British Paramount and Indian Renaissance, (Bombay), 98 (1965)
  35. Ramakrishna V., Social Reform in Andhra:1840-1919,(Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi), 22 (1983)
  36. Vaikuntham Y., Panchama Education in Andhra: A Case Study of British Social Policy 19th and 20th Centuries’,Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. (Kurukshetra 43rd Session), (Vol.43), 448-453 (1982)
  37. Report on Public Instruction in Madras Presidency for 1921-1922 and for Quinquennium 1916-1917 to 1921-1922, (Vol.I)(2013)
  38. Nurallah S. and Naik J.P., A Student History of Education in India (1800-1973),(McMillan, New Delhi),123 (1974)
  39. Government of Madras., Reports on Public Instruction in Madras Presidency, 1917-1918 (Madras)130 (Vol.I)43.Venkatarangaiah M., The Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh (Andhra): (1800-1905) (A.P State Archives, Hyderabad), 92 (1965)
  40. Misra B.B., The India Middle Class,(Oxford University Press, London) 147 (1961)
  41. Vaikuntam Y., Education and Social Change in South India and Andhra (1880-1920), (New Era Publications, Madras) (1982)