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An application of Remote Sensing and GIS to Analyze Urban Expansion and Land Use Land Cover Change of Midnapore Municipality, West Bengal

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Geography and Environment Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, INDIA
  • 2 Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, INDIA

Int. Res. J. Earth Sci., Volume 2, Issue (5), Pages 8-20, June,25 (2014)

Abstract

Urban expansion has brought severe losses of crop land, natural vegetation coverage and water bodies because urban expansion is responsible for different types of issues related to urban environment like declining of air quality, increasing of local temperature, increasing of surface run-off and consequent flooding causes deterioration of water quality etc. Continuous growth of urban area is responsible for changing land use land cover pattern of any urban centre. Therefore, change in land use or land cover has become an essential part in modern strategies for the management of natural resources and monitoring different social and environmental changes. Present study focuses on the urban expansion (urban sprawl) and land use land cover change that occurred in the span of 20 years 1991 to 2011 in Midnapore municipality as case to study. During the study period remote sensing and GIS technologies are adopted to study the occurrence of geo-physical land use changes. Landsat TM and ETM+ images of Midnapore municipality area are collected from earth explorer (USGS). After image pre-processing, to classify the images into various land use classes supervised and unsupervised classification has been done. Eight land use categories have been identified as settlement (urban built-up), water bodies, dense vegetation, degraded vegetation, grass land, agricultural fellow land, lateritic soil cover area and fellow land. The field knowledge obtained from field survey is also used to estimate the classification accuracy. The resultant accuracy is between 76 to 83% for all the land use categories. Change detection analysis has been done which shows that the dense vegetation and degraded vegetation has been reduced by 83.63% and 30.04% respectively but the built-up area has been improved by 72.35%, agricultural area reduced totally. The information about urban growth and land use land cover change of the study area is very helpful to urban planners and local government for suitable future planning of sustainable development of the municipality.

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