International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Optimization of the stacking quality of seismic data in the onshore Niger Delta Basin by the implementation of refraction statics

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Physics (Applied Geophysics Option), Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

Int. Res. J. Earth Sci., Volume 10, Issue (2), Pages 19-33, August,25 (2022)

Abstract

The role of the derivation and implementation of refraction statics in the enhancement of the end result of the stacking procedure, which entails improving overall data quality and integrity, was investigated using a high resolution onshore 3D seismic data acquired from a prospect field in the Niger Delta Basin. The processing approach adopted to achieve the focal objective of the study was to obtain a brute stack for traces of a select common midpoint (CMP) from the data without any form of refraction statics applied. We subsequently derived an appropriate and complete refraction statics solution and applied it to the data and stacked for the same CMP, to mirror the same segment of the dataset which was then placed side by side with the initial brute stack and critically analyzed to enable us establish the role and impact of the derived and implemented refraction statics which has been applied to the data in terms of stacking result optimization. After the analysis of both stacks (brute stack and the stack after application of refraction statics), we observed that the stack after refraction statics was applied revealed a clearer subsurface image in the CMP display panel in terms of the structures and stratigraphy than in the brute stack. Potential reflectors were properly aligned with no incidence of mis-ties of reflectors, reflectors exhibited remarkable continuity. Jittery reflections around marked horizons were completely re-aligned to their actual positions on the CMP panel where refraction statics was applied than in the CMP display of the brute stack.

References

  1. Xie, J., Chen, W., Zhang, D., Zu, S. and Chen, Y. (2017)., Application of principal component analysis in weighted stacking of seismic data., IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 14, 1-5.
  2. Sheriff, R.E. (1991)., Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics., Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Publication, 323p.
  3. Adizua, O.F., Anakwuba, E.K. and Onwuemesi, A.G. (2019a)., A Hybrid approach to near-surface imaging and characterization for an onshore Niger Delta prospect field., Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering – JESGE, Scienpress Limited, 9(1), 1-14.
  4. Adizua, O.F., Anakwuba, E.K. and Onwuemesi, A.G. (2019b)., Derivation of refraction statics solution for 3D seismic data in an onshore Niger Delta prospect field., Journal of Geology, Geophysics and the Environment – GGE, 45(2): 1-17.
  5. Short, K.C. and Stauble, A.J. (1967)., Outline of the Geology of Niger Delta., American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 51: 761-779.
  6. Kulke, H. (Ed.). (1995)., Regional petroleum geology of the world. Part II, Africa, America, Australia and Antarctica., G. Borntraeger. Berlin, (143-172).
  7. Klett, T. R., Ahlbrandt, T. S., Schmoker, J. W., & Dolton, G. L. (1997)., Ranking of the world, US Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Open- File Report, (97-463).
  8. Yilmaz, Ö. (1987)., Seismic data processing., Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) special processing manual, Tulsa, USA. 2027p.
  9. Mohanty, P., Phadke, S. and Bhattacharya, B. (2000)., Seismic resolution over coal seams: A numerical study., Acta Geophysica, 48: 215-222.
  10. Wolf, K., Rosales, D., Guitton, A., & Claerbout, J. (2004, October)., Robust Moveout Without Velocity Picking., In 2004 SEG Annual Meeting. OnePetro.
  11. Kostecki, A. and Polchlopek, A. (2006)., Method for Correction of the Pre-stack Migration Amplitude of converted waves., Acta Geophysica, 54, 113-125.
  12. Rashed, M. (2014)., Fifty years of Stacking., Acta Geophysica, 62, 505-528.
  13. Mayne, W. H. (1962)., Common reflection point horizontal data stacking techniques., Geophysics, 27(6), 927-938.
  14. Kumar, L., & Sinha, D. P. (2008)., From CMP to CRS: an overview of stacking techniques of seismic data., In 7th Biennial International Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics. SPG.
  15. Hubral, P., Hoecht, G., & Jaeger, R. (1999)., Seismic illumination., The Leading Edge, 18(11), 1268-1271.
  16. Mann, J., Jager, R., Muller, T., Hocht, G. and Hubral, P. (1999)., Common reflection surface stack – a real data example., Journal of Applied Geophysics, 42, 301-318
  17. Jager, R., Mann, J., Hocht, G. and Hubral, P. (2001)., Common Reflection Surface Stack: Image and Attributes., GEOPHYSICS, 2001.
  18. Cox, M. (1999)., Statics correction for seismic reflection surveys., Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Publication, Tulsa – Oklahoma, 531.
  19. Marsden, D. (1993)., Static corrections—A review, Part 1., The leading edge, 12(1), 43-49.
  20. Keho, T.H. and Kelamis, P.G. (2012)., Focus on Land Seismic Technology: The Near-surface Challenge., The Leading Edge, 31, 62-68.
  21. Zhu, X.S., Gao, R., Li, Q.S., Guan, Y., Lu, Z. and Wang, H. (2014)., Static corrections methods in the processing of deep reflection seismic data., Journal of Earth Science, 25(2), 299–308.
  22. Russell, B.H. (1990)., Statics correction – A tutorial; a scientific publication by Hampson-Russell software services limited in the Recorder., 14(3), 16-30.
  23. Marsden, D. (1993b)., Statics corrections – a review, part II., The Leading Edge, 12(2), 115-120.
  24. Marsden, D. (1993c)., Statics corrections – a review, part III., The Leading Edge, 12(3), 210-216.
  25. Liu, L.S. (1998)., Constrained first arrival pick up and first-break residual static correction., OGP, 35(5): 604-610.
  26. Baker, G.S. (1999)., Processing near-surface seismic reflection data., A primer: Young, R. A. Series, Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
  27. Jing, X.L. (2003)., Two steps solution methods for big residual static corrections., OGP, 38(1), 22-26.
  28. Butler, D.K. (2005)., Near-surface Geophysics., A publication of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
  29. Duan, Y. Q. (2006)., Residual static corrections based on refraction survey., Oil and Gas Prospecting–OGP, 41(2), 32-35.
  30. Huang, M.Z., Feng, Z.Y. and Zhou, D.T. (2008)., Directly iterated statics correction method in offset domain and its application., Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 31(2), 122-128.
  31. Bridle, R. and Aramco, S. (2009)., Delay – Time refraction methods applied to a 3D seismic block., The Leading Edge, 28(2), 212-215.
  32. Li, P., Feng, Z. and Li, Z. (2009)., Statics correction technology and applications in complex areas of western China., The Leading Edge, 28(2), 1384-1386
  33. Luo, Y.W., Yang, J. and Duan, W.X. (2010)., Comparing between several statics correction methods., Petroleum Instruments, 24(5): 41-43.
  34. Henley, D.C. (2012)., Interferometric applications in static corrections., Geophysics, 77(1): 1-13.
  35. Ponnam, S., Navin, M., Sarvind, R., Sudhakar, M. and Dutta, N.M. (2013)., Field Statics estimations: A case history from North Assam Shelf, Assam, India., A Technical paper presented at the 10th Biennial International Conference and Exposition – SOCHI 2013, 287-291.
  36. Opara, C., Adizua, O.F. and Ebeniro, J.O. (2018)., Application of static correction in the processing of 3D seismic data from onshore Niger Delta., Universal Journal of Geoscience – UJG, 6(1), 1-7.