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Agro-morphological characterization of segregating population of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) developed for nut yield, quality and plant size improvement

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, Cashew Research Program, P. O. Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
  • 2Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, P. O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania
  • 3Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, P. O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania

Res. J. Agriculture & Forestry Sci., Volume 6, Issue (4), Pages 1-12, April,8 (2018)

Abstract

Breeding for better cashew nut quality require information on genetic variation of available genotypes. Understanding the genetic variation has enabled genotypes to be effectively utilized in plant breeding. The present study aimed at investigating the variability among cashew genotypes based on yield, nut size, plant height, canopy diameter, number of nuts, number of kernels, kernel weight and percentage out-turn on two hundred genetically diverse F2 progenies of cashew. The relationships among the test traits were established to guide the identification of the best genotypes that can be used in cashew breeding program. XLSTART Software v.3 was used to investigate the variation among genotypes. The genotypes-by-trait (GT) bi-plot analysis was used to rank the genotypes with respect to the 8 attributes. Genotypes 17, 79, 86, 191, 193 and 200 recorded highest score in all traits except for plant height and canopy diameter. The study also reported positive correlation of yield with number of nuts (r=0.908), number of kernels (r=0.918), canopy diameter (r=0.506) and plant height (r=0.372). Moreover, there was insignificant correlation between yield and either nut weight, kernel weight or percentage outturn. This information on relationships among the morphological traits and high yielding with better nut quality genotypes will be helpful to breeders on developing linkage mapping and implementing selection strategies.

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